tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-767405159800712682024-03-08T16:58:28.633-08:00Free personal narrative essayJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.comBlogger237125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-61750476996871165382020-08-27T13:24:00.001-07:002020-08-27T13:24:03.575-07:00Social Problems Sociology of the Workplace Essay Sample free essay sampleWe may hold been equivalent around 200B. C. however, those yearss are finished. Political control. inconsistent salary and inconsistent position changed the way American family units needed to hinder away for financial autonomy because of the solid industrialisation. Occupations and reasons for living are a core an incentive in American culture ( Macionis 2008 ) . Two upheavals. Mechanical and Information. changed the working environment for most Americans. making another position quo for them and their family units. With the new present day financial framework. the personal satisfaction can only be improved. Basic useful. cultural battle. also, representative association are the three significant assaults in human science that aides thought and examination ( DeRosso 2002 ) . So. get out your mobile phone. text your wedded lady and permit her cognize you are still in that telephone call. Innovation plays an extraordinary bit in the cultural derivations of our cutting edge universe. Americans can scarcely travel a twenty-four hours without using the new designing and advancements. Sci-fi is a relic of past times. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Problems: Sociology of the Workplace Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Presently we have phones. level screen T. V. ââ¬â¢s. convenient processing machines. computer games. the web. CT checks. electronically monitored slowing mechanisms. and then some. In the event that you contrast a 1985 hypothetical record auto with its contrary number of today. you can see the improved and included qualities, for example, power entryways and Windowss. twofold airbags. better eco-friendly motors. worked in Cadmium and GPS. climate control system. also, less deformities ( Nye. 2002 ) . The cutting edge financial framework today is information based. globalized. innovative. IT-driven. what's more, development based ( Atkinson. 2010 ) . The eternity evolving powers. for example, financial clime. quick paced. what's more, contesting times is the thing that the work environment is currently. The workplace configuration has decreased and less difficult. The technique of working environment building has developed unfathomably. The diminishing of the processing machine in size. weight and portability requires less limitless but then it shops more informations. cut bringing down the whole of paper being utilized ( London Councils 2006 ) . As a greater amount of the work performed is done electronically. laborers are compelled to take on different assignments. The new working environment condition can be sitting at Panera Bread while convey oning a gathering on the PC. Auxiliary Functional Analysis in the work environment takes a gander at the breaks as ephemeral and that society will skip from them. Modern. Educational. furthermore, the current transformation formed is as yet deciding the work topographic point. Basic Functional sees society through a full scale level direction focusing on the cultural developments that structure society in general ( DeRosso 2002 ) . With emblematic collaborations. individuals can take their occupations one of two different ways. Primarily the talented experts like. doctors. attorneies. teachers. what's more, others are glad to head out to work. They are propelled to move in the direction of advancements and think about their occupations as reasons for living. ( Macionis. 2008 ) The laborers that are untalented. work in factories will in general accept of their occupations as negligible. They go to work since they need to. The insufficiency of positive distinguish only here and there gets them an advancement. The cultural battle accentuates on cultural disparity. This is to a greater degree a hypothesis on an industrialist monetary framework with their riches and influence who might draw in the less lucky to make all the work. The industrialist would so benefit completely from the monetary framework since they own or control it. Lower rewards are paid and only sometimes do they order any of the creation. This is what is called ââ¬Å"The McJobsâ⬠( Macionis 2008 ) . With the entry from Industrial Revolution to the new Information ( building ) Revolution. workers needed to do a few housing. Never again is the interest for up close and personal collaborations between businesses with their workers. Innovation has given us the devices of messaging. mobile phones. also, messaging. I have found in the retail worry that the chiefs donââ¬â¢t need to go forward the shops any more drawn out to go to a gathering. They simply now need to do a call. arrive in a codification. also, they are in a ââ¬Å"conference callâ⬠leting them to in any case pull off their shops. There are telecommunicating occupations that currently permit laborers to stay at put and acquire salary. The cultural branchings to this new way of work have changed individuals for the great and some for the awful. While mas would now be able to stay at place with their children while working and picking up pay ; this spares them the disbursals from going. The negative effect on this i s remain at home-employments disengage the person from the outside universe that they one time had. It is more diligently to secure an exposure and adds to the sexual orientation imbalance in the working environment ( Macionis. 2008 ) . I just bought a spot and neer saw my credit official ; she worked out of California from her office and spot. I enjoyed the accommodation of the strategy since I had the option to recoup my electronic sends from her and resend them on my free clasp. The individual contact has decreased. resulting in a disconnection. Society is made by continuous cultural battle between the more remarkable gatherings who endeavor bunches with lesser force. There was a good line among work and spot which presently has been obscured from the remain at home-employments ( Macionis. 2008 ) . The power per unit region of work that used to just make full the workplace presently is occurred. so where get you going the equalization again for this new insurgency? Is it accurate to say that we are prepared for the accompanying unrest of Artificial Intelligence Revolution? Notices Atkinson. R ( 2010 ) . The 2010 State New Economy Index: Benchmarking Economic Transformation in the regions. Recovered from EBSCO have. GCU Library DeRosso. D ( 2002 ) . The Structural Functional Theoretical Approach. Wisc-Online London Councils ( 2006 ) . Internet. Londoncouncils. gov. Joined Kingdom. London Macionis ( 2008 ) . Social Problems ( third Ed ) . Upper Saddle River. New pullover: Pearson Education Inc. NYE. J ( 2002 ) . ââ¬Å"Eonomic Growth and True Inequalityâ⬠World Wide Web. econlib. organization/library/section/nyegrowth. hypertext markup language Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-62491730564235769422020-08-22T12:01:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:01:31.222-07:00Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsSteps to Writing a Grant Proposal - Assignment Example Some portion of the short-go destinations is to redesign the current preparing offices of PEACE just as improve the information and aptitudes of its expert coaches with respect to overseeing horrible circumstances the people in question and groups of the casualties are at present experiencing while the drawn out goal is to grow the current foundation of PEACE so as to help the expanding number of casualties who will require the social help of the said association. To improve the nature of PEACEââ¬â¢s social administrations, a spending plan of one million US dollars (US$1,000,000.00) is required wherein one-eighth (1/8) of the all out expected award will be utilized to monetarily bolster the further instruction and trainings of its expert coaches and update the current preparing offices, for example, the upgrades in preparing region and the acquisition of new PCs, projectors, and LCDs. The staying three-eighth (3/8) of the all out award will be utilized in growing the current framework of PEACE. In the course of recent years, the city of Portland is encountering an expansion in residential and youth viciousness, spousal and youngster misuse, attack, and occurrences of street rage. To give help to the casualties of savagery, the crucial PEACE Domestic Violence Agency is to decrease casualty injury, enable survivors, and elevate recuperation to the survivors of rape and abusive behavior at home. Social issues identified with abusive behavior at home can be illuminated by expanding the quantity of accessible assistance arrangement, instruction, and social mindfulness. By broadening free instructive preparing administrations, wellbeing bolster gathering, and safe house to the casualties of abusive behavior at home, PEACE won't just have the option to advance the prosperity of youngsters, ladies, and kids whose lives have been influenced by abusive behavior at home yet in addition improve the personal satisfaction of families whose part or individuals are in jail. Instructing people in general on the best way to deal with and shield themselves from turning into a casualty Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-78050710755080273232020-08-21T09:43:00.001-07:002020-08-21T09:43:24.030-07:00How to Write an Essay Sample For Fourth GradeHow to Write an Essay Sample For Fourth GradeEssay samples for fourth grade are going to vary greatly from the third grade examples you may have seen in your high school library. Fourth graders are more critical about grammar and spelling, which can make this task even more difficult.Writing an essay or paper in high school is a great way to get ready for college. With this type of writing, students get an opportunity to showcase their writing skills, as well as a chance to show their personalities through essays. The question that students should ask themselves before beginning any essay writing project is whether or not they can do the assignment.Fourth grade is a great time to explore topics in class. This is also a great time to get suggestions from your fellow classmates. Asking your classmates what topic they want to write about is a great way to get started.There are a few easy ways to start with your topic. Perhaps you will discover that one or two of your classmates love cou ntry music. You can brainstorm about different types of music and see what type of themes come up.You will need to start thinking about your own writing style when trying to craft an essay in fourth grade. Being conscious of your writing habits will help you avoid common mistakes.One of the first things that you need to pay attention to is the use of 'I 'my' as well as 'reason 'for'. Using these words when you write an essay can be confusing because you are not used to the rhythm of formal writing. If you can come up with an essay sample where the 'I'my' is used correctly, it will provide great examples for the next section of writing.To learn how to write an essay, be aware of the structure of essays. There are rules that you should follow when writing an essay. There are sentences that have to be constructed correctly and there are correct punctuation marks to use.An essay is a part of your education that you must complete. You cannot expect to come into college unprepared for the style of writing required. Be prepared with proper essay samples for fourth grade by learning all the basics before trying to write an essay. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-29973102082479149562020-05-25T19:35:00.001-07:002020-05-25T19:35:02.490-07:00My Last Duches by Robert Browning Essay - 865 Words There is seldom a more deeply rooted bond than that between an artist and his masterpiece. However, in the poem My Last Duchess, written by Robert Browning, it is not, in fact, the artist that possesses this bond, but the owner of the artwork. This dramatic monologue seems to be a tragic love story at first; however, as the story progresses, is it revealed to the audience that the grief-stricken Duke may have had some issues with his blushing bride. While addressing a representative of his future fiancà ©Ã¢â¬â¢s father, the Duke relays his thoughts and feelings on the untimely demise of his former Duchess. The Duke is not remorseful over the death of his bride but is instead bitter that she did not fit his expectations of a perfect wife. Thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In fact, his new marriage is the affair that sparks this retelling of events. The speaker is supposedly discussing these traits of his former wife with the servant in order to put the Count, who is the father of the Dukeââ¬â¢s new bride, at ease about the safety and happiness of his daughter. However, many of the phrases he chooses are not particularly reassuring. The speaker says, ââ¬Å"Eââ¬â¢en then would be some stooping; and I choose/ Never to stoop.â⬠(42-43). Indicating that this is a gentleman who is not to be trifled with, and will more than likely get what he desires as the end result. This can be linked to the situation he incurred with his former Duchess, in that she was not behaving in a manner pleasing to him so instead of choosing to stoop to her level and play her metaphorical game, he simply let the problem resolve itself and found a new Duchess who would fulfill his standards. However, to say whether or not he let the problem resolve or if he played a role in resolving the problem himself is still up in the air and can be left open to the interpretation of the reader. Regardless, it is highly likely that this sarcastic tone and these harsh words were meant to se rve as a warning to the new bride, lest she end up with the same fate as the former Duchess. Throughout the poem, Browning uses several aspects to symbolize his characters inner feelings and consequently reveals information to help buildShow MoreRelated Compare at least four poems from the ones you have studied where a1060 Words à |à 5 PagesCompare at least four poems from the ones you have studied where a strong dislike for another person is shown. Write about My Last Duches a poem from Duffy, one form Armitage and another from the pre 1914 poetry bank. My Last Duchess was written by Robert Browning and published in 1842. It is based on a real person. Alfonso, Duke of Ferrara (1537-1597), married fourteen year-old Lucrezia de Medici in 1158 when he was twenty one. Three years later she was killed, possibly poisoned. The Duke Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-72645259388116971642020-05-15T01:55:00.001-07:002020-05-15T01:55:03.769-07:00Narrative Written By Geoffrey Chaucer - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 550 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Canterbury Tales Essay Did you like this example? The Canterbury Tales are a narrative written by Geoffrey Chaucer; Chaucer typically uses parody, satire, and romances in his collection of poems. While using past tense he managed to tell a story about how each of the characters appeared to him and told each of their tales in the third person narrative style. Chaucer used social commentary by using rhetorical means to provide his commentary on society. He often informed people about a problem and wanted them to appeal to their sense of justice. In The Pardoners Tale Geoffrey wanted to get the point across to society that money is the root of all evil. During his story (poem) the pardoner admits that he speaks or preaches the way he does to get money. Preaching was his way to get back at anyone who offended him or his Brethren. He shows how deep his into his sins by stealing anything he could get his hands on just so he didnt have to spend his own money. The pardoner attempted to sell his relics and pardons, but when he was asked to come forth and unbuckle his bag he hesitated and was called out by the host for not being a real man. In the end, the knight steps forward to make amends between them. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Narrative Written By Geoffrey Chaucer" essay for you Create order The Wife of Baths Tale is a story about how a knight came across a young maiden; he became overcome by lust and raped her. The court was horrified by his wrongdoing and thought he should be put to death by being decapitated. The ladies of the court intercede on his behalf and give him a chance to redeem himself. His punishment is to discover what women want most in the world and to report it to the court within a year. If he does not complete the challenge he will be decapitated. As his time is running out he meets an ugly old woman, she promises she will save him if he helps her in return. So they return to the court together and the king tells the queen the answer of the knight Women most desire to be in charge of their husbands and lovers. The old women requested that the night marry her, but he was in horror and begged for her to choose a different request but she refuses. As a married couple, the old women asked the knight if he would rather have an old and ugly wife that is loyal and good or a young and fair but also coquettish and unfaithful. The night replied with I would rather trust your judgment he then asked her to choose what was best for her. She then becomes both beautiful and good and they live a happy married life. The Canterbury Tales is a narrative that typically uses parody, satire, and romances in the collection of poems. In the story, Chaucer uses his preaching skills to inform his audience about realism in life. He goes through many journeys to prove multiple points, for example in the pardoners tale he stole things and was greedy to prove the point that money is the root of all evil. I believe he told the tales the way he did to let people know that the things they are doing is wrong and there are consequences. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-91843439731209845442020-05-06T15:59:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:59:34.946-07:00Indian Democracy at Crossroad - 3296 Words Avinash Shankar MAD12015 Politics Essay: 2 Topic Can post-colonial India s political experience be characterized as moving towards becoming more democratic Democracy, the form of government where supreme power is directly or indirectly vested in people, has become a global discourse that can be gauged from the fact that many post-colonial countries have adopted it with remarkable success. The dramatic global expansion of democracy in the last few decades in post-colonial countries speak volume of this most popular form of representative government. The ever fluctuating political dynamics coupled withâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Indiraââ¬â¢s regime, in my opinion, was the beginning of the stage when India started to show its meaningful presence internationally. Creation of Bangladesh was the beginning of the Indiaââ¬â¢s assertiveness at international level. Nuclear test conducted in 1974 was the extension of this assertiveness. Ironically Indiraââ¬â¢s regime will also go down in history for bringing disrepute to democracy by imposing emergency in the most undemocratic manner. Perhaps it was the first blow to the essence of dem ocratic model that India followed since independence. The manner in which rights and liberties, the two important tenets of democracy, were suspended during emergency reminds us how an authoritarian regime can play havoc in peopleââ¬â¢s minds. The emergency perhaps was the turning point in the Indian democratic history because it paved the way for major political and social shift. It was perhaps the trigger that led to the end of absolute majority era and ignited the undercurrent of regional politics played largely around caste and religious lines. Easwaran Sridharan and M.V. Rajeev Gowda however believe that the end of Congressââ¬â¢s dominance and fragmentation of the party system haveShow MoreRelatedAmerica Stands At A Crossroads880 Words à |à 4 Pages America stands at a crossroads. The Fascists in Europe and the Imperialists in Japan threaten the very foundation of our nation. Our troops fight valiantly to beat back these enemies who seek to encroach upon our values of freedom and equality. Yet, in the background, a domestic war wages on. Of course, I refer to the plight of Negro Americans against Jim Crow. Our political leaders constantly request the patience of Negro ââ¬â promising change is right around the corner. 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Aztec Chroniclers Describe the Spanish Conquest of Mexico (1519) 3- Francisco Coronado Explores the American Southwest (1541) 13 4.Read MoreImpact of Globalization on Indian Education3068 Words à |à 13 Pages| | |Impact of Globalization on Indian Education | | | |S.Deepalakshmi, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-85236890759230107272020-05-05T18:25:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:25:18.696-07:00Chronic Illness and Disability-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com Questions: 1.How is chronicity defined? Why is an illness rather than a disease approach to chronic and complex illness important from a Nursing perspective? Discuss regarding depression as a co-morbidity. 2.Is Self-Management beneficial to positive health outcomes in chronic illness? Critically discuss in relation to outcome research and the Chronic Care Model. Answers: 1.Chronicity According to Larsen (2006), health care systems were not designed for the maintenance and prevention of chronic conditions but rater identifying, treating, and at times producing cure for symptoms. Most health care providers deal with chronic disorders as if they are episodic and acute, the consequence is a mismatch between the costly demands of health care and the health needs of the patients. Most of the common diseases that cause this mismatch include obstructive pulmonary, diabetes, asthma; arthritis, cancer, HIV/Aids and hepatitis C (Scher, Buse, Adams and Lipton 2017). When one is suffering from a chronic condition one can suffer from a number of different illness, have diminished mental or physical capacity, or even disability. Illness approach rather than disease approach Disease refers to the issue that the health care provider views from a biomedical replica, which is an alteration in function or structure. On the other hand, illness refers to the experience of suffering and symptoms and points to how the disease is alleged, lived with, and reacted to by the patient and their families. In most cases, a chronic illness like obstructive pulmonary is addressed as an acute illness rather than a disease. Due to this the medical practices are usually organized to respond to patients illnesses which are tended to be urgent , sort and are easily treated and diagnosed. This approach leads to poor health care services as the medical staff requires that the patients should be the one contacting them. At the time of administering the treatment, most of the patients are usually passive. The visits to the doctors are usually more focused on symptoms rather than patient centered. Chronic conditions should be treated as chronic disease, this enable the medical prac titioners to have a planned and integrated care within the system that most clients can easily relate to. The patients are also expected to be partners in ways which the clients can manage their diseases (Larsen, 2006). Depression as co-morbidity Depression commonly occur to patients suffering from chronic illness. In other cases depression is usually as a result of chronic illnesses. Patients who suffer from chronic disease have an overall burden to their illnesses leading to depression. Depression causes a faster progression of chronic diseases such as heart diseases. People who suffer from chronic diseases may be forced to use alcohol and tobacco which is a lot more harmful to their health. Most physicians hardly recognize that a patient is suffering from a chronic disease. The physicians may not even look beyond the chronic illnesses and fail to explain symptoms such as poor concentration or fatigue. However, depression can be treated through first identifying whether medications or the medical problems are causing depression. Treating the disease or changing the medication can treat depression (Green et al. 2013). 2.Self-management One of the most chronic and burdensome condition is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Warwick, Gallagher, Chenoweth Parbury 2010). This condition requires self- management to prevent it from becoming severe. Self-management is a daily process where persons aims to manage their illness. It is also the ability of people who have chronic diseases to work together with the community, family and healthcare professionals to treat diseases, manage symptoms and have lifestyle changes. People living with chronic diseases can reduce the progression of the disease through self-management. The individual should first understand the illness he or she is suffering from, this will allow them get involved in its management (Chang and Johnson 2014). According to Schulman-Green et al. 2013, self-management means the ability to manage the lifestyle changes, treatment ,symptoms psychological and physical change that are brought about by a chronic disease. It is also the ability of an individual to monitor his or her condition to adjust to the emotional, behavioral and cognitive responses that are required for one to live a quality life. Self-management skills that should be acquired in order to manage their chronic diseases include adjusting of ones lifestyle, managing medication, gathering information, managing symptoms and communicating effectively. Self-management goes hand in hand with modern opinions on how humans behave and how the quality of life can be improved through health care. This is mostly with patients suffering from chronic illnesses. How patients live with a chronic condition is not fully dependent on the nature of the illness they are suffering from. Lubkin and Larsen (2006) have shown that these patients live with fear, adjusted life, and hope and they are always looking for solutions. Their perspective which includes beliefs, attitude and values determine how they respond to treatment of the chronic disease. How a person understood his or her chronic disease determined the life they will live. Studies have also shown that peoples perspective on their illnesses do determine how they respond to triggers and symptoms and the methods that they use in incorporating their disease in their day to day lives. For examples people who suffer from diabetes believe that they should exercise a lot and at healthy, while thos e that are suffering from arthritis should know how to manage pain. Outcome research Outcome research is one of the branches of public health that studies the results of a healthcare system and also how the patient care coping with the disease. Outcome research tends to show the safety, effectiveness, equity, efficiency, timeliness, system responsiveness and patient-centeredness of the self-management design of coping with chronic diseases (Ski, Page, Thompson, Cummins, Salzberg, and Carter, 2012). Chronic care model Chronic care model is important as it offers the patient with self- management skills of chronic diseases (Hickman, Rolley Davidson, 2010). Chronic care model has six components which are self-management support, health system, community polices and responses, clinical information systems, decision support and the design of delivering. Chronic care model offers the patients with self-management skills that offer them with ways of managing their diseases (Thirsk and Clark, 2014). Reference List Chang, E. and Johnson, A. eds., 2014.Chronic illness and disability: Principles for nursing practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. 12(2), 56-72 Hickman, L. D., Rolley, J. X., Davidson, P. M. (2010). Can principles of the Chronic Care Model be used to improve care of the older person in the acute care sector?.Collegian,17(2), 63-69. Larsen, P.D., 2006. Chronicity.Chronic illness. Impact and interventions,6, pp.3-22. Lubkin, I.M. and Larsen, P.D., 2006.Chronic illness: Impact and interventions. Jones Bartlett Learning. Ski, C.F., Page, K., Thompson, D.R., Cummins, R.A., Salzberg, M. and Worrall?Carter, L., 2012. Clinical outcomes associated with screening and referral for depression in an acute cardiac ward.Journal of clinical nursing,21(15?16), pp.2228-2234. Schulman-Green. D. et al. 2013 Process of self- management in chronic illness. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 34(8), pp. 89- 110 Scher, A.I., Buse, Adams, A.M. and Lipton, R.B., 2017.Comorbid pain and migraine chronicity The Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes Study.Neurology, 89(5), pp.461-468. Sanders, J.B., Bremmer, M.A., Comijs, H.C., Deeg, D.J. and Beekman, A.T., 2016. Gait speed and the natural course of depressive symptoms in late life; an independent association with chronicity?.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 17(4), pp.331-335. Thirsk, L.M. and Clark, A.M., 2014. What is the selfin chronic disease self-management?.International Journal of Nursing Studies,51(5), pp.691-693. Warwick, M., Gallagher, R., Chenoweth, L. and Stein?Parbury, J., 2010. Self?management and symptom monitoring among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(4), pp.784-793 Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-905672214172726542020-04-11T23:39:00.001-07:002020-04-11T23:39:02.140-07:00Boethius Essays - Musicology, Music Theory, Philosophy Of Music Boethius Throughout history, every society has searched for some way to express its feelings and beliefs. Music has been an integral part of virtually every culture, so it is quite natural for people to have written about this subject. More literature has survived than actual music, which leaves modern scholars with the job of translating, interpreting, and trying to understand the writings of people prior to modern musical notation. Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius wrote and translated many books on subjects he felt were important to the education of future generations. Of particular interest is his book, The Fundamentals of Music (De institutione musica). Even though this book is no longer used as a basis for music education, it has had a lasting impact on music history and theory. Boethius was born either in or around Rome sometime around the year 480 AD. His father died when he was only seven, and he was taken in and raised by one of the wealthiest aristocrats of the time, Symmachus. Boethius received an exceptional education, married Symmachus's daughter, and led an esteemed career as a politician, writer, and scholar until he was imprisoned and executed in 524. ?Boethius's works may be divided into four categories, in chronological order: didactic works, treatises on the mathematical disciplines; the logical works, in essence translations or commentaries on Aristotle, Cicero, and Porphyry; the theological treatises, works expounding orthodox Christian doctrine by the philosophical method; and the Consolation of Philosophy, a purely philosophical treatise written in prison.?1 It is the first category, which deals with the mathematical disciplines, that contains his Fundamentals of Music. At the time Boethius wrote these books, music was considered one of the mathematical subjects, along with arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy. ?Boethius described these disciplines as the Quadrivium, the fourfold path to the knowledge of ?essences'- things unaffected by material substance.2? The fact that music was considered one of the mathematical disciplines is interesting to modern people, since it is now considered part of the arts, and on nearly the opposite end of the spectrum from math. Math is now considered strict, predetermined, rigid, and structured, while music is expressive, emotional, and subjective. However, people of the time assumed that the study of music would be limited to the mathematical characteristics of harmonic proportions. In this respect, music does have many characteristics that can be related to math, and it was on these observations that Boethius based a large part of his Fundamentals of Music. Some people have stated that Boethius's five books on music are merely translations of works by Pythagoras. This could not be true, because Pythagoras left no writings. ?But they are based on a strong tradition and on the work of later members of the Pythagorean school; from his education by his father-in-law Symmachus and in Athens Boethius was well acquainted with these, and it is evident from his writings that he was firmly convinced of the system's validity.3? A large section of Fundamentals of Music deals with musical instruments. Boethius outlines the development of the tetrachord and other instruments, and describes their relationships to mythological gods and astronomy. Boethius also wrote about the Greek beliefs in various modes having different impacts on human beings and their emotions. This was a primitive, but very intuitive and brilliant observation on the effect music can have on man. Pythgoreans believed, as did Boethius, that different modes had different results. Some modes ?induce sleep, while others ?purge ?the stupor and confusion of sleep' when they woke up.4? People of Pythagoras's time or of Boethius's era lacked the notation or knowledge of melodic movement to pinpoint exactly what qualities of each mode evoked specific feelings. However, the observations made were giant steps in the proper direction. Though much of Boethius's writing on music seems to be built on Pythagorean theories and observations, many of Boethius's ideas and notions seem to be original and are somewhat close to modern beliefs. ? Some of them are so close that the metaphors he uses are still quoted in textbooks on physics or harmony in use today.5? Boethius's observances on sound and hearing were centuries ahead of his time. He theorized about the motion of sound and sound waves, and ?one of these is the classic comparison of a wave of sound with the wave caused in water by a stone dropped into a pond.6? This theory could have been aided by Greek theories, but even so, all knowledge is built on previous knowledge, and Boethius's theory is Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-47886015070694164742020-03-10T13:45:00.001-07:002020-03-10T13:45:03.681-07:00Essential Gear for Boarding SchoolEssential Gear for Boarding School Youre off to boarding school. What a great adventure! Yes, it is kind of scary leaving your own home and moving into a strange place. But think of it this way: its all going to be new, different and exciting! And you are doing this before most kids do since most kids leave home for the first time when they go to college. So, what should you bring from home? Well, the school will provide you with a very detailed list of items they want you to bring, and we have a list of essential items for you here. Make sure you have all that stuff. But what else might you need? Check out this list of boarding school gear that will help make your experience even better. 1. Music Most students just cannot live without their tunes. If youre the same way, make sure to load up your iTunes list with the latest music or get a subscription to Pandora, Spotify or another music service. Dont forget to pack whateverà charger you need or even some portableà speakers. An extra set of earbuds couldnt hurt, as well as a set of nice noise canceling headphones. You never know when theres going to be a loud night on dorm and you want to get some homework done or head to bed early, and escaping with your favorite music can be exactly what you need. Bring whatever patch cables you need to hook it all up, too. 2. Laptop and Printer The school will probably specify the kind of laptop you need to bring. It may even be part of your first yearbook fees. In any case, you will need your laptop together with any essential CDs such as the operating system/restore disk, your anti-virus software, etc. A multi-function printer is worth its weight in gold. A USB hub will be useful to connect all your peripherals. Make sure you have all the required dongles and cords to make everything connect, and you might even consider purchasing an extra charger. That way, you can leave one charger in your dorm room and leave one in your bag just in case.à 3. Sports Equipment Skates, skis, soccer cleats, golf clubs, tennis and squash racquets, swim goggles, saddle, riding crop and boots. Any of all of these items could be on your list depending on the season and the location of your school. It doesnt all have to come with you; you can always order things online and have them delivered to campus. Or, just make sure you have the sports equipment you need for the fall semester. You can pick up the rest when you go home for breaks and holidays. 4. Cellphone While there will be rules about when and where you can use your cell phone, you will need it. Make sure your service plan allows for unlimited texting and nationwide calling. Dont forget the charger and maybe bring a few. You might consider purchasing an external charger to keep you powered as you go along. A good case can also protect your phone against cracking and chipping.à 5. Credit and ATM Card Most schools will give you an opportunity to get an account set up with a local bank, if you need one, which will provide you with an ATM card. Your school may also provide a campus purchasing plan through a one-card system or similar set up. But, you may also want to consider having a separateà credit card for those unexpected emergencies. Use it sparingly for casual purchases only, and make sure you and your parents have a clear understanding about how much you can spend per month. Have an ATM card as well. To prevent fraud have your parents keep a nominal amount in the account the ATM card draws against. They can always add more funds as necessary. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-22132673199047605962020-02-23T04:11:00.001-08:002020-02-23T04:11:03.587-08:00Development of Media Art Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsDevelopment of Media Art - Dissertation Example Historical Aspects: According to Benjamin (1986) "technology transforms the entire nature of art", and the same can be witnessed throughout the past centuries, where the art form gradually developed from paintings, to print, to videos and finally to digital arts in recent times. It is on account of these changes, that the field of media art today; has transformed significantly, to include diverse practices used by the artists eventually translating into a wider audience and markets. The history and evolution of media arts is described in four key phases i.e. the era of films during the early 20th century; the invention of video and its impact on arts during the early nineteenth century; the beginning of the media arts movement during the late nineteenth century; finally culminating into the current trend - that of invention and development of digital media triggered by the technological revolution during the late nineteenth century. Films during the early nineteenth century could mai nly be categorized into two distinct categories i.e. those which catered to the commercial aspects and followed the narrative style and those which were experimental or 'short films'. The innovation in the field of media arts during this era was mainly with regard to the use of sounds, and other artistic techniques such as use of special effects such as slow motions, or close-ups as well as the ability to edit the films. These techniques were mainly followed for both narrative as well as experimental films. According to Renan (1967) most of the films developed during this period were 'experimental' in nature, which explored subjects and themes which were highly controversial. This eventually gave rise to the documentary film making, which was dominant during this era. The next phase i.e. during the 1960s was marked by the advent of video, within the arena of media arts, which was further fuelled by the invention of television and broadcasting technologies (Vogel, 1998). However sinc e these inventions were relatively new, the cost of producing and implementing such technologies was relatively higher and hence it restricted the open and liberal use of this form of media by the artists (Rush, 2001; Hanhardt, 2000). However, the scenario changed drastically over the years, and the art form gradually expanded to include a wider variety of media arts (Furlong, 1983; D'Agostino, 1985). These new developments brought about a new and fresh wave of changes in the field of media arts leading to the influx of new artists who excelled in the art form, and ultimately changed the existing and conventional media practices adopted by artists during those times. The subsequent years i.e. the years between 1960 and 1970 saw another significant wave of change, which culminated into the launch of the Media Arts Movement, whereby the pioneers of the industry realized the need for change in the manner in which the current media was functioning especially with regard to the projectio n of issues concerning third world countries, and strived to bring about relevant and effective changes. This was the era which was dominated by an ideology whereby media was perceived and practiced as a predominantly artistic form rather than acknowledging its commercial aspect, which was largely ignored. Eventually towards the end of this decade, the prices of the film Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-51176499716491326512020-02-06T20:56:00.001-08:002020-02-06T20:56:02.733-08:00International Business news analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsInternational Business news analysis - Essay Example e artâ⬠mathematical models currently used by economists which presupposed that household and ideal firm optimize their behavior with perfect rationality. In the end they revert back to Ricardian and Smithââ¬â¢s principle as a more plausible law to govern the market and international trade. Adam Smith originally meant that the mechanism of the invisible hand is a result of the market settling the distribution of goods and the prices between what the producers want to produce and what the consumers chooses freely what to consume within a given economy and across economies. As a result, producers will have to create goods that are cheaper to produce undermining competition and gain market share. On a bigger picture, Adam Smithââ¬â¢s invisible hand is comparable to David Ricardoââ¬â¢s idea of Comparative Advantage which is the guiding principle behind globalization of free trading across economies. Ricardo posited that countries will be better off if certain goods and services will be exported by countries that can produce them most efficiently. This is the main principle of outsourcing where a poor country will naturally have a cheap labor serving as its comparative advantage and would be willing to work for wages lower than those their rich counterpart countries which may have been more expensive if done in other countries. As a result, industry will naturally move to these countries as they make more profits by discounting on the labor cost as afforded by the poor country. This is the invisible hand at work in international trade whereby the invisible hand will ââ¬Å"guideâ⬠and regulate international trade in the most beneficial manner by directing goods to be produced by more efficient countries so that everybody can benefit from it at a lower price and higher quality. The article however proposed a scenario what if invisible hand and its mechanism of comparative will no longer work because some economists thought of some brilliant mathematical models that Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-41721378513015450442020-01-29T00:49:00.001-08:002020-01-29T00:49:03.768-08:00Pioneer Square Observation Report Essay Example for Free Pioneer Square Observation Report Essay In Pioneer square there are many places to sit and observe the people whom pass by, but perhaps one of the most interesting places to go is the food court inside the pioneer square mall. I found that the best time to observe all the micro cultures was at lunch time, when people take a break from their busy lives to come and enjoy a lunch from a variety of choices. The environment is one of the other things that I was able to notice right away, not only the setting but also how the environment affects the people at the food court, and the one thing that stood out the most while I observing the food court was the authority within the court. One of the first things I was set out to find while doing the observation in the food court of the Pioneer Square mall was to find the micro cultures. I was able to observe three major micro cultures. There were people who passed by in a hurry, it seemed like they had somewhere to be. They seemed to go by so fast with a phone in their ear, or in their hands to even notice the other people surrounding them. The second micro culture I was able study was the people ordering from various places in the food court. The most common thing I noticed within this micro culture was the way they each stood still for a while as if they were weighing their options of all the food choices they had, then once they ordered their food would sit; whether it was in the lower part or on the stage of the food court, and after that they all seemed to do the same thing. They talked among themselves, and when done they cleaned their space and left. The last and the most obvious micro culture within the food court were the employees working in their little space of a restaurant. Within this micro culture the people seemed very quiet as the food court was empty but as lunch time came around and people started to appear, they seemed to cheer up. When people started coming around the food court into their restaurant, they interacted with the people in a very enthusiastic way, and some would start a conversation or offer free samples all in order to pull people into their restaurant. I was also able to notice that the environment had a lot to do with the actions of people. The environment in the food court was the first thing that stood out as I entered. The environment was serene and very unique from most food courts. They were playing jazz music in the background, which to me made it seem like it kept the food court peaceful and enjoyable. While I was sitting there I was able to notice that the food court was designed to complement the calmness of the environment with its hanging lights, wooden chairs, and what seemed like black granite tables, with a large fountain running in the middle of the food court, where many people eating liked to stare at its beauty. The fountain was something incapable of missing. Another thing that was hard to miss in the food court while eating, was the authority with the mall cops who were passing by every now and then. Surprisingly I was able to find was that they were very friendly to everyone, and in return the public was very respectful and friendly back. I believe that the respect and friendliness that comes from the public comes mainly because of the fact that the mall cops have power, and they have the authority to take you out of the mall, so the public obeys by their rules. To do this observation at its fullest I had to put my ethnocentrism away and be very open minded about the observations I was to do. Doing this was what made it possible for me to get all these observations of the micro cultures, environment, and the authority within a food court at Pioneer Square mall. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-16050251948010911262020-01-20T21:11:00.001-08:002020-01-20T21:11:02.597-08:00All Quiet on the Western Front Essay -- essays papersAll Quiet on the Western Front The novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Remarque describes the psychological and physical battles of young soldiers such as the main character Paul Baumer who was pressured by the spirit of nationalism and his school master into joining the German army during World War I. In the beginning the young students are glowing with enthusiasm with the honor to be trusted with serving their nation in a time of crisis. The inexperienced soldiers soon loose their innocence and eagerness as they watch the new technological capabilities of the twentieth century painfully kill their comrades one by one and in the end become weary, burnt out, rootless, and hopeless. Over time the young soldiers, through experience, begin to realize their years of schooling are completely useless in a society filled with war. They were taught the basics of the world of work, duty, culture, and progress when the only knowledge they need is how to survive. The author, through his novel All Quiet on th e Western Front, attempts to portray the vivid horrors and the raw nature of war and to change the popular belief of war as an idealistic and romantic character. This is evident through the barriers placed between Paul and the relationship with his parents and the rest of society who still view war as glamorous and cherish his war stories as though he were telling them a fairy tale. The novel also attempts to explain the purposes of war and its uselessness in society. The ultimate question that Erich Remarque raises in his novel is what did a whole generation give up their lives and precious innocence to accomplish. All Quiet on the Western Front is a story not of Germans, but of men, who even though ââ¬Å"they frequently escape shells, are destroyed by the warâ⬠. This novel have could easily been transformed into the tale of a Frenchmen, an Englishmen, or an American fighting in World War I. Throughout the entire novel Erich Remarque uses the characterization of Paul Baumer, a youthful soldier, to demonstrate how war is not the glamorous, idealistic scenario that many people make it out to be but the gory, inhumane, and inescapable experience that it truly is. In the beginning of the novel the young student was ambitious, but as time goes on Paulââ¬â¢s attitude toward life completely changes. In the beginning, he felt that there was hope fo... ... horrors of war such as, his parents who still view war as glamorous and idealistic. War takes a heavy toll on soldiers who fight in it and in these dangerous moments anybody would have gone insane. It takes a very special type of soldier to be able to handle both the psychological and physical challenges that a soldier has to face in everyday battle. A soldier such as this must be capable of handling the sight of a mutilated comrade and not immediately chatter to pieces. The author conveys this message in his extreme use of words with negative connotation such as shells, typhus, dysentery, and trenches. In this portion of the novel a great deal of emphasis is placed on the word death which is repeated several times and standing on its own it holds a great deal of negative connotations. Therefore, due to the severity of the situation and the extensive use of words with negative connotations the overall tone of the novel appeared to be very depressing or serious. This selection a lso demonstrates just how mythical the character of war that many individuals who have not experienced the tragedy of battle believe to be true by illustrating just how appalling and grim war is in reality. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-21663199104561191752020-01-12T17:34:00.001-08:002020-01-12T17:34:04.731-08:00Business Plan – Convenience StoreBusiness Plan Busterââ¬â¢s A cozy Store that designed for your needs [pic] Business Plan by Lydia Chan CONTENTS[pic] 1. Executive Summary Busterââ¬â¢s is a convenience store specialized in servicing daily needs of occupants of the office building where it is located. It offers variety of products to satisfy customersââ¬â¢ daily needs including snacks, pre-wrapped sandwiches, bottle/canned beverages, stationery, greeting cards, newspapers, paperback books and small gift items. The first Busterââ¬â¢s Store was set up in 2007, a 1,000 square feet store located in the lobby of Empire Centre in Kennedy commercial district. This store is solely owned and managed by Lydia Chan. With fully focused and correct business strategy, Busterââ¬â¢s been able to get break-even in the eleventh month, and reaches to an annual revenue to US$300,000 last year. It has successfully built up an image of a convenience store that is friendly and customized to the occupants of the Empire Centre and the neighborhood buildings. With the proven success of the first Busterââ¬â¢s Store, Lydia is fully confident to expand the business by opening a second store with identical business strategy. The key to success is to find another perfect location. The golden opportunity is now appearing, there is a new office building, Sky Tower, will be opened by end of this year. Sky Tower is just two blocks away from Empire Centre. Besides the advantage of easy management derived from the close by location of the two stores, to make this location perfect for Busterââ¬â¢s is that Sky Tower is an A grade eighty-storey office building which create huge number of potential customers for Busterââ¬â¢s. 1. Mission The Mission of Busterââ¬â¢s is to provide friendly service and good quality of products to occupants of the buildings. Good mix of variety product items are perfectly meet customersââ¬â¢ needs in their daily work lives. 2. Objectives 1. To make Busterââ¬â¢s the preferred convenience store for the occupants of the building where it is situated and the neighborhood. 2. To break-even by the end of the first year. 3. To achieve a net profit of 5% by year three. 3. Keys to Success 1. Establish an image that Busterââ¬â¢s is ââ¬Å"theirâ⬠convenience store for the customers. 2. To turn over inventory an average of 15 ââ¬â 20 times per year. 3. To provide friendly service and premium quality products. 2. Company Summary The first Busterââ¬â¢s store is owned and operated by the founder, Lydia Chan, in Sole Proprietorship. The concept of this new venture is a convenience store that specially services occupants of the office building where it is situated. The first store was set up in 2007 located in Empire Centre in Jordan district. It is a 1,000 square feet store in the lobby with 2 full time employees. In 2009, annual revenue of this store is US$300,000. With the earned capital and experiences from the first store, Lydia believes it is the mature time to expand her business by establishing a second store. In order to strengthen the financial and professional background, the second store will be in partnership set up. 1. Ownership The new Busterââ¬â¢s store is privately owned corporation in partnership basis. Lydia Chan owns 75% of the second store. She will work full-time in the store in the first year to ensure smooth day to day operation. In the second year and onwards she will be half day in the first store and half day in the second one. Carmen Chan owns 25% of the second store. Carmen is the elder sister of Lydia, she is a chartered accountant in Hong Kong Bank. She will provide financial advice and assistant for Busterââ¬â¢s. 2. Employees Base on the experience of the first store, we anticipate two employees are sufficient for the daily operational need. There are two full-time shop assistants in the first Busterââ¬â¢s store, Christine and Mina. Christine, high school graduated, joined Busterââ¬â¢s since it was launched in 2007. Her experiences in nurturing infancy Busterââ¬â¢s and daily operation are valuable to the second store. She will be promoted as shop supervisor and transfer to the new store. Christine will be responsible to coach and mentor the other new hired shop assistant, service customers, keep tract inventory/replenishment and report customersââ¬â¢ comments/complaints to Lydia for ensuring corrective action be taken. We will hire another shop assistant to work together with Christine. Criteria are High school graduate with 1-2 years retailing sales experience. 3. Financials 1. Start-up Finance Summary Anticipated start-up cost of the new store is US$200,000. The main cost of start-up will be inventory. It is estimated that the initial inventory purchase will be $100,000. In addition, $30,000 will have to be spent on fixtures and fittings for the store. Since it is a brand new building, there will be no maintenance needed before move-in. Funding will be come from the combination of the two owners from their own savings. Lydia Chan (75% ownership) ââ¬â contributes US$150,000 Carmen Chan (25% ownership) ââ¬â contribute US$50,000 2. Start-up Cost Summary This table shows a summary of start-up cost and expenses [pic] 3. 3 Anticipated Revenue and Operating Cost for the First Year pic] 3. 4 Pro-forma cash flow projection for the first year of operation [pic] 5. Break even Analysis The following chart and table show the break-even analysis for Busterââ¬â¢s [pic] [pic] 3. 6 Anticipated return on investment in the first three Years The following table provides the anticipated return on investment from the perspective of three years into the revenue [pic] 4. Marketing /Sales 1. Sum mary of Marketing and Sales Strategy Busterââ¬â¢s new store will be situated in the lobby of Sky Tower, a new office building in a concentrated commercial area, Kennedy District. Bustersââ¬â¢ key customers are occupants of Sky Tower. According to the information from the Building Management office, 80% of the total vacant units were leased out and under interior fixtures and fittings stage. These companies will be moving in within two to three months which will secure customers flow when Busterââ¬â¢s is launched. 4. 2 Market Segmentation Occupants of the building are owners and employees of medium to sizable international corporations. They can be divided into 3 market segments : A) Aged 25 ââ¬â 39 Male They require speedy service, just pick and pay. Half of them are wealthy Yuppies in managerial level, they do not mind to pay a little higher for the convenience and good quality. They are busy in work and social life, our fresh pre-wrapped sandwiches, popular bottled beverages and high end imported snacks will suit their needs. B) Aged 22 ââ¬â 35 Female Same phenomenon as other prosperous cities, all ladies are keen to slim down their bodies and are cautious in selecting food. It is more obvious for this age group of ladies. They always search for healthy food and snacks. On every category of food, Busterââ¬â¢s will have a special corner for healthy food with notes on shelves for their easy perusal. Healthy food including vegetarian brown bread pre-wrapped sandwiches, low calories snacks, herbal tea and fruit juice types of bottled beverages and etc. These ladies may be secretaries or work in the administrative departments who are responsible to purchase stationeries for the offices. They will naturally select Busterââ¬â¢s for convenience while they are purchasing their own personal needs. This is a critical customers group for Busterââ¬â¢s. C) Miscellaneous This includes the middle-aged group, outsiders/visitors and etc that they have varied or unpredictable buying pattern. Continuous analysis of this group is required in a quarterly basis when Busterââ¬â¢s store is launched to ensure our service and products cover their needs. 3. Product Strategy Busterââ¬â¢s emphases are on friendly service and good quality of products that fit the requirements of people in their workplace. We do not just follow what selling in super markets or franchised convenience stores. We focus on customization. The following listed are the key categories for Busterââ¬â¢s. A) Pre-wrapped sandwiches : Homemade sandwiches with 4 different choices of fillings : egg and ham, beef, chicken breast and assorted vegetables. These are basic pre-wrapped sandwiches. In addition, we also provide small individual packed fillings such as chess, tomato, cucumber and eggs as supplements, so customers can design and make their own sandwiches in their offices. This will satisfied customers who are looking for variety of choices but without burdening our inventory. B) Bottled/Canned beverages The most popular bottled/canned beverages are available in Busterââ¬â¢s which including soft drinks, coffee, tea and milk. We also provide healthy drinks such as herbal tea, flower flavored tea, juice, Soya bean milk, flavored mineral water, and etc. C) Snacks Popular branded snacks of chips, chocolates, candies and gums are must items in the shelves. To take care of the needs for customers who are pursuing for healthy life, special selection of snacks such as sun-dried fruits, organic food, low calories/calcium crackers, sugar free candies/gums are also available in our ââ¬Å"Healthy Cornerâ⬠. D) Stationery and Greeting Cards To take care of the sudden or urgent needs of the office people, we will provide certain basic items of stationery and greeting cards but to cautiously control this category of goods occupying not exceed 10% of total display/shelf space. E) Gifts Small gifts can also be found in Busterââ¬â¢s. Regular items are gift sets of premium chocolates and tea bags which are appropriate round the year and for all occasions. Buster will display specialty gifts in front desk for festivals like New Year, Valentinesââ¬â¢ day, Easter, Halloween, Christmas and etc. The specialty gift sets to serve both purposes of stimulating sales and decorating the store to lift up spirits. F) Newspapers & Magazine The top five Best selling newspapers are available in Busterââ¬â¢s. 6 ââ¬â 8 different categories of magazines about fashions, accessories, entertainment, computers, automobiles to cover varied customersââ¬â¢ desires. 4. Pricing Strategy As mentioned in the product strategy section, most of the categories are not common products as other convenience stores because Busterââ¬â¢s emphasis is on premium quality food and drinks. She is comparatively not facing harsh price comparison as other franchise convenience stores for different target customers. Busterââ¬â¢s customers, occupants of Sky Tower, mainly are yuppies and office ladies, who are willing to pay a little more for convenience and better quality. Therefore, Busterââ¬â¢s price ranges for key products are : ? Pre-wrapped sandwiches US$4. 0 ââ¬â US$5. 5. ? Premium quality and healthy snacks US$2. 5 ââ¬â US$7. 0 ? Canned/bottled beverages US1. 2 ââ¬â US$3. 0 ? Common products that are also available in other convenience stores : 5 to 10 percent higher than them. Target is to reach gross margin (sales deduct cost of goods) at 37. 5 ââ¬â 38% 4. 5 Promotion Strategy Busterââ¬â¢s customer base is concentrated and close-by, they will pass by the store everyday when they go to work. Location is our best promotion tool. Occupants of Sky Tower will know the existence of Buster, so our focus of promotion is to attract them to stop by Busterââ¬â¢s and to experience the difference with other ordinary convenience stores. They will be impressed by our friendly service, wide ranges and unique food and beverages. Word-of-mouth will be our largest promoter. A) Flyers Flyers, an effective and inexpensive way to notify people in Sky Tower and neighborhood buildings that their store ââ¬Å"Busterââ¬â¢sâ⬠is opening soon. Flyers will be passed around at the building entrance a week before grand opening. On face side of flyers is an attractive designer sketch of the Busterââ¬â¢s store (sketch is used to be more attractive than photo or words), and on the reverse side is a list of product items that will be available in Busterââ¬â¢s. Distribution of flyers will be continuous after Busterââ¬â¢s is opened. Distribution spots will also be increased to cover the neighborhood buildings. B) Busterââ¬â¢s Card For initial purchase exceeding US$10, a Busterââ¬â¢s Card will be provided with a Busterââ¬â¢s logo stamp on it. Each $10 purchase onwards will earn a stamp. When accumulated to 5 stamps, a free gift will be given. This is effective to stimulate customers to buy more, or to request their colleagues to consolidate the purchase (Word-of-mouth advertising). Gifts are selected products from the store such as snack, stationery, chocolate, etc and will be changed each month to maintain freshness of the game. . 6 Competition Despite of having the competitive edge of location, we anticipate Busterââ¬â¢s will face competition from 2 areas. A) Convenience Stores This competition will be from national franchises such as 7-11 and Circle K. They have established extensive network of chain stores and are well-known to Hong Kong people. People are almost pass by two to three these conveni ence stores in their everyday life. Due to consolidation of bulk purchase, these franchises obtain strong bargaining power with suppliers for both costs of goods and payment terms. There is one 7-11 store located in the main street, 8 minutes walking distance from Sky Tower, and one Circle K in the opposite corner to 7-11. It is inevitably Sky Tower people will pass by these stores. Busterââ¬â¢s strategy in competing with these stores is not pricing but differentiation. ? Product flexibility Franchise convenience stores are selling standardized products regardless of demographic/geographic needs. Busterââ¬â¢s customer base is concentrated and focused. Products are selected according to their lifestyle, habits and preferences. We are also flexible and prompt to alter products items base on customersââ¬â¢ and sales feedbacks. ? Unique and high quality food and beverages Busterââ¬â¢s target is to have 70% of product items not identical to those convenience stores. Our tasty homemade sandwich is a typical example while other stores are selling mass produced sandwiches. ? Customersââ¬â¢ relationship Busterââ¬â¢s customers are actually our neighbors that we are working in the same building. This benefits us to build close relationship while other convenience stores focus on speedy in-and-out service. B) Plagiarist Start-up capital of lobby convenience store is comparatively lower than other main street retailing stores or franchise convenience stores. Low entrance barrier will attract people who want a start-up venture by copying the same concept as Busterââ¬â¢s. 5. Operation 1. Location of the business The new business venue of Busterââ¬â¢s will be located in the lobby floor of Sky Tower, a new office building in No. 23 Harbor Road, Kennedy District, Hong Kong. When Lydia, owner of the first Busterââ¬â¢s store, decided to open the second store, she had gone through serious research and calculation because location is essential to be successful and profitable. The following listed are factors why Sky Tower is the right place. ? Scale and income level of Customer base Sky Tower is an A-grade commercial building, tenants are mainly big corporations in business relating to international trading, banking and investment, insurance, accounting and etc. Anticipated total occupants will be 3,000 to 4,000. Most of them are professionals and/or high income level employees. This creates a beneficial customer base for Busterââ¬â¢s. ? Close by location of the two Busterââ¬â¢s Stores Sky Tower is just two blocks away from the first Busterââ¬â¢s store, this creates advantage for the owner to manage the two stores in the long run. In addition, the two stores can help each other if there is urgency for products that are out of stock. Staff can deliver the urgently needed goods to the other store within 10 minutes. ? Surroundings Sky Towerââ¬â¢s surroundings are also commercial buildings, with some exclusive restaurants and casual cafe. No convenience store located in adjacent buildings, just two which are 8 to 10 minutes walking distance. All these neighbors are valuable and potential for Busterââ¬â¢s. 2. Operation of the business A) Hours of Operation The common working hours for offices (white collar) in Hong Kong is 9:00 AM to 6:00: PM, Monday to Friday, some work on Saturday 9:00 AM to 1:00 PM. For Busterââ¬â¢s, business hours is 8:00 AM to 7:30 PM Monday to Friday, 8:30 AM to 2:00 PM on Saturday. Opening at 8:00AM is to serve breakfast for customers. Close at 7:30 PM is to take care of the needs for customers who are required for over-time works which is very common in Hong Kong. To ensure Busterââ¬â¢s employees are not exhausted by long working hours, operation will be in two-shift. The 2 employees work from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, and the shop manager (that is the owner) take the second shift from 10:00AM to 7:30PM. B) Service Procedures Friendly service is Busterââ¬â¢s emphasis and promise to our customers. This must be clearly shared with employees that without their efforts, Busterââ¬â¢s will not get success. They are required to follow the below listed service procedures to ensure a cheerful shopping experience to every customers. ? Greeting with smile Greet every customer with a friendly smile who enters the shop. For familiar customers, chat with them to build-up an on-going relationship. ? Serve efficiently and effectively For customers who have clear decision on what to buy, serve them efficiently. For customers who are browsing, hesitating what to buy or unfamiliar with Busterââ¬â¢s products, staff must to offer help by providing advices/recommendations or a brief introduction of Busterââ¬â¢s products according to customersââ¬â¢ desires. Nevertheless, no hard sale, customers are still welcomed without purchase. ? Interaction When customers prepare to pay and leave, we must to say ââ¬Å"Thank youâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Goodbyeâ⬠with eye-contact and friendly smile. This is the last process step and interaction with customers in a transaction, it is vital to leave a cheerful image in their mind which can be deep-rooted. C) Inventory management Effective inventory management is essential for Busterââ¬â¢s to maintain wide variety of product items in limited space. Ultimate goal is to maintain a minimal but adequate stock and make replenishment in a weekly or bi-weekly basis depend on productsââ¬â¢ feature and turn-over. POS system will be employed to control in-and-out systematically and to minimize human error. Cashier will input sold items automatically. Every end of the day, Christine (Shopââ¬â¢s supervisor) to generate and check inventory status report and pass to Shop Manager for analysis and deciding which items needed to replenish. Christine is also responsible to input data everyday when suppliers deliver goods to ensure inventory record is up-to-date. 6. Legal Issues The following listed legal documents and licenses will be well prepared and to ensure they are all completed and valid before the launch of Busterââ¬â¢s. Business license in partnership proprietor basis ? ââ¬Å"Busterââ¬â¢sâ⬠trade mark registration ? Tenancy Agreement with Sky Tower Property Management Office ? Employment contract with the two Busterââ¬â¢s employees ? Purchase Medical insurance for employees ? Business Insurance Legal Consultant will be hired to ensure accuracy of legal documents and coverage . 7. Challenges A) Sustainability of Busterââ¬â¢s competitive edge Location is Busterââ¬â¢s competitive edge as we are close to the concentrated customer base. This edge will be threatened if there are any new retail tores open in the surrounding areas, they can be hypermarket or new concept food stores that tempting Sky Tower people willing to sacrifice the convenience but to walk a little bit far to try new shopping experience. B) Constantly excite customers Our customer base is young, high-income group; they have strong purchasing power that leads them to have extensive options. They pursue for premium quality and trendy commodities. It is an on-going challenge for Busterââ¬â¢s to keep having products that excite customers. ââ¬â End ââ¬â Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-70209150420624502942020-01-04T13:58:00.001-08:002020-01-04T13:58:03.521-08:00The Debate On Abortion And Abortion - 1063 Words One of the most estranging moral and politically controversial issues in the United States is the stand on abortion. By definition an abortion is the termination of a pregnancy and the expulsion of pregnancy tissue, including embryo, fetus, placenta, and membranes (Wicclair, Gosman 2005). In the recent years the debate on abortion has shifted to a different viewpoint that has reopened the conversation of abortion and has generated a healthy following for abortion control. The premise of abortion control is to implement community outreach programs that will help reduce the number of abortions. I feel this would be a healthy compromise for the abortion debate, but many citizens are wholly against the idea of abortion being an option based of various personal beliefs they each hold. Anti-abortionist believe the most effective way to reduce abortions is to make it illegal. The other side of this coin are the people representing the stance for the legalization of abortion and Pro-Choice. Pro-Choice activists believe that women should have the right to make the final decision of whether an abortion is suited for their situation or not. What anti-abortionistââ¬â¢s seem to ignore is the large number of deaths resulting from women participating in unsafe abortion practices out of desperation. The running estimate totals over seventy thousand women each year falling victim to these malpractices with many of them sustaining lifelong injuries (xxx). Even with these consequences loomingShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Abortion And Abortion1448 Words à |à 6 PagesAbortion. This word leaves most people feeling uneasy after just saying it out loud. The discussion of abortion is continuously left open-ended with millions of opinions, arguments, and questions. Abortions occur every single day leaving potential fathers devastated or thrilled, leaving friends and families broken and distraught or in contrast, proud. More importantly, leaving the potential mother uncertain and e ven destroyed. But with abortion in mind, what is considered wrong and what is consideredRead MoreThe Debate On Abortion And Abortion1490 Words à |à 6 Pagescontroversial issues floating around conversation. One that always catches my ear is the debate on abortion. Growing up in a republican household, and catholic for that matter, it was obvious that ââ¬Å"pro-lifeâ⬠would be imprinted into my head. My whole family, not just my parents, are against abortion. Also going to church every Sunday and learning what my religion thought was right and wrong influenced me to believe that abortion was killing a life. Since I grew up with this influence I subconsciously thoughtRead MoreThe Debate Over Abortion On Abortion Essay1682 Words à |à 7 Pagespolitical debate has existed in America, there has been a strong tension between the ideologies of conservatism and liberalism. While there are numerous differences between the two ideologies, the core of each is expressed clearly thro ugh the modern debate of abortion. The vision, ideals, and assumptions of each ideology can be identified through the way in which each ideology argues its position on abortion. The debate over abortion has been taking place since the 19th century. Abortions were legalRead MoreThe Debate About Abortion And Abortion1709 Words à |à 7 PagesThe practice of abortion is an issue that has sparked controversy for many years. One of the initial problems that lead to the debate about abortion is the fact that, the definition of the term abortion varies from one field to another. The controversy arises because the language used to describe abortion ââ¬Å"is a reflection of the societal beliefs of the people in that areaâ⬠(McFarlane Meier 65). Generally, the World Health Organization defines abortion as induced or spontaneous termination of pregnancyRead MoreThe Abortion Debate2354 Words à |à 10 PagesAdedayo Adeniyi November 13, 2008 Expository writing An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death. An abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can be induced. Abortion as a term most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy, while spontaneous abortions are usually termed miscarriages. Abortion has a long history and has been induced by various methodsRead MoreThe Debate Of Abortion And Abortion2390 Words à |à 10 PagesThe subject of abortion is undeniably a difficult one to discuss. There are many different opinions and stances which could be taken, however, the question for Christians is just where they should stand on this matter. 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Lastly I will look at the Pro-Choice view. In the final analysis I will show how utilitarianism, altruism, and situational ethical views apply to abortion. Having in mind the extreme controversy surroundingRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Debate888 Words à |à 4 PagesAbortion is a highly debated and controversial topic within the United States. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. When you have an abortion, you decimate the life of a fetus in the womb prior to delivery. There were 5,013 abortions in the state of Oklahoma alone in 2013. In the same year, there were approximately, collectively in the United States, 983,000 total abortions performed. In addition, there have been almost 60 million abortions performed in the United States since Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-61874419426837674482019-12-27T10:24:00.001-08:002019-12-27T10:24:03.168-08:00Attending a Masquerade in In A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Masquerade. When attending a masquerade, a person is expected to wear a mask. In fact, itââ¬â¢s looked down upon if a mask isnââ¬â¢t worn. But, what if for some people that mask never came off? In A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, each character has constructed their own metaphorical mask that they set firmly in place every morning when exiting their bed. Each character: Nora, Torvald, and Krogstad all have masks that they put in place when speaking to each other. Throughout most of the play, it is clear that all of the aforementioned characters have multiple facades that they use when speaking to one another; often switching quickly as they begin speaking to someone else. Henrik Ibsenââ¬â¢s use of the masquerade serves as an extended metaphor to show the masks that the characters use in their everyday lives. At the beginning of A Dollââ¬â¢s House, Nora Helmer seems stable in her marriage and the way that her life has panned out. She doesnââ¬â¢t seem to mind the her husban d, Torvald, speaks to her, even if the audience can blatantly see that he is degrading her with the names he chooses to call her. ââ¬Å"Hm, if only you knew what expenses we larks and squirrels have, Torvaldâ⬠(Ibsen, 1192). Nora is notorious throughout Act I to play into the nicknames that Torvald calls her. She portrays that she is this doll-like creature that needs to be taken care of. Furthermore, we see that Nora is excited for her husbandââ¬â¢s new job that will increase their income substantially. This is the first mask that theShow MoreRelatedRealism and Ibsens a Dolls House Essay1527 Words à |à 7 PagesIbsen: Keeping it Real Since 1879 Realism is a style of writing in which the author strays away from romance and fantasy and leans toward the everyday life of real people and the negative aspects of their lives. The Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen captures the true essence of realism in his famously controversial play A Dollââ¬â¢s House. Nora is an idealistic wife who bows down to her husbandââ¬â¢s commands and fulfills his every wish. When Torvald, her husband, fell sick she did everything she could to save Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-1960551134138276902019-12-19T06:13:00.001-08:002019-12-19T06:13:03.426-08:00Definition Of Corporate Governance And Regulation it might be said: I Introduction The primary problem with the current approach to regulation in Australia is that it predominantly links corporate interests to those of the shareholders, with little or no consideration given to the employees, the community, consumers and other stakeholders. This essay will explore the concepts of corporate governance and regulation and then critique the hard law, soft law and hybrid approaches to regulation. An explanation will then be provided as to why the hybrid approach remains the most appropriate regulation mechanism, followed by an explanation of the hybrid solution identified to get corporations to consider the interests of key stakeholders. II Discussion A Defining ââ¬Ëcorporate governanceââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëregulationââ¬â¢ Over the past few decades the term ââ¬Ëcorporate governanceââ¬â¢ has become quite commonplace, with considerable debate arising as to the intersection between ââ¬Ëcorporate governanceââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëregulation. The scope and content of corporate governance in and of itself is quite wide, capturing ââ¬Ëthe structures, processes and systems, both formal and informal, by which power is exercised, constrained, monitored and accounted for in the management of a corporationââ¬â¢. Similarly, the definitions provided of regulation in literature are broad-ranging, but they ultimately highlight the role of regulation in controlling corporate conduct. Nonetheless, it should be noted that these mechanisms of control are not limited to legislation, administrativeShow MoreRelatedCorporate Governance General Review1775 Words à |à 7 PagesFirst part: Corporate governance: First Chapter: Corporate governance general review 1. Introduction A dynamic and fundamental view of business nowadays is presented in corporate governance. As a term, governance comes from a Latin word gubernar means to guide; describing the main purpose of modern governance which is guiding relations between different counterparties. That emphasizes directing function rather than monitoring function. The definitions of corporate governance always concentrateRead MoreCorporate Management : Corporate Governance Essay1550 Words à |à 7 PagesChapter-1 Introduction to Corporate Governance 1.1 Introduction Corporate Governance is a buzz word in the business world. It is envisioned to enhance the accountability of a concern and to evade huge disasters before they occur. The concept of corporate governance dived to global attention after the sudden crashes of Enron, World Com, Xerox, Lehman Brothers, Parmalat, Satyam etc. The failure of these colossal business houses horrified the corporate world with their unethical and unlawfulRead MoreAccountability Is An Essential Ingredient Of Corporate Governance1242 Words à |à 5 PagesAbstract Accountability is an essential ingredient of corporate governance, and indeed is the reason for any corporate governance set up. This paper discusses the ways in which accountability contributes to corporate governance and vice versa, and the mechanisms by which organizations may become more accountable and transparent. Corporate governance and accountability are often interrelated in organizations and provides a focus for business practices that promote fairness, ethical behavior, andRead MoreWhat Must Be Done to Improve Ethics in Finance and Corporate Governance?1211 Words à |à 5 PagesEssay Louise Pettiford What must be done to improve ethics in finance and corporate governance? Corporate governance can be referred to the rules, processes, or laws by which businesses are operated, regulated and controlled. It can also refer to internal factors defined by the officers, stockholders or constitution of a corporation. After finding the meaning of Corporate governance, which can also be referred to corporate responsibility, I thought about the policies in which the company I workRead MoreCorporate Governance Around the World: a Comparison of the Us, Uk and Other European Models1193 Words à |à 5 PagesWhat is Corporate Governance and why is it necessary? Up to now no specific world-wide common understanding or single definition for ââ¬Å"corporate governanceâ⬠has been established. More generally, corporate governance can thus be understood as the totality of all national and international regulations (e.g. Sarbanes-Oxley Act), rules, values and principles (e.g. UKââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Code of best practicesâ⬠) that apply to businesses and determine how they are steered and monitored. Corporate governance can be complexRead More corporate governance Essay947 Words à |à 4 Pages Corporate governance is a very poorly defined concept; it covers so many different economic issues. It is difficult to give a first class definition in one sentence. Corporate governance has succeeded in attracting a great deal of interests of the public because of its obvious importance for the economic health of corporations and society in general. 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The traditional approach to governance, risk and compliance relies on working in silos and using separate point solutions to address each assurance groupââ¬â¢s requirements. This creates a fragmented approachRead MoreThe Case Of Saudi Arabia1736 Words à |à 7 PagesCorporate governance is one of the most important filed in business environment, and it plays a vital role in managing corporations, planning and setting objectives and decision making process Corporate governance has the responsibility to protect the market participants and stakeholders. However international markets are difference due to each society, this paper will provide a different definitions for corporate governance, and we will study the main factors that will influence the form and structureRead MoreWhy Ethics Are Important to Auditors1355 Words à |à 6 PagesA qualified person, who inspects the accounting records and the practices of an organization, is the basic definition of a Company Auditor. In financial accounting, an audit is categorized by the self-governing evaluation of the justice by which a companys financial statements are presented and prepared by and to its supervisor. This task is largely performed by the trained, experienced, self-governed and intent persons, known as accountants or auditors. Auditors are on the whole very informed Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-75876025013350164692019-12-11T02:55:00.001-08:002019-12-11T02:55:04.936-08:00Impact of E Commerce On The Small Enterprises â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Impact of E-Commerce On The Small Enterprises. Answer: Introduction The technology of e-commerce helps in offering number of potential benefits for business of the organizations. The main aim of the paper is to elaborate the impact of e-commerce on the small enterprises of developing countries. According to Choshin and Ghaffari (2017), small enterprises are considered as the fastest changing sector and it is posited that small enterprises can substantially achieve proper amount of benefit from e-commerce. It is found that the adoption of e-commerce is influenced by the governments of developing countries for achieving proper amount of success as well as for economic development of their country. In addition to this the advantages that are offered by the e-commerce in small enterprises is considered as one of the important factor for the growth of the developing countries. The paper identifies how the small enterprises of developing countries are impacted by the adoption of e-commerce as compared to developed countries. Importance of E-commerce for small enterprises of developing countries According to Ahmad et al. (2015), E-commerce is defined as one of the business or economic activity that helps in enabling selling as well as buying of products in order to provide the facility of business transaction. It is identified that e-commerce has a potential of adding higher value to the consumers as well as businesses in developing countries in comparison to developed countries Falk and Hagsten (2015, pp. 358). However, with the rapid growth and develop of ecommerce, it is identified that the rate adoption of e-commerce in developing countries by the small enterprises are slower as compared to the small enterprises of the developed countries. It is stated by Hanna (2016) that the SMEs of developing countries are moving towards e-commerce in order to achieve success. The presence of e-commerce has expanded quite rapidly and this is due to the benefits as well as opportunities that the businesses are getting with the implementation of e-commerce. The concept of utilizing the e-commerce with the help of internet software as well as services helps in endeavor the linkage of internet use with the various types of opportunities that it generally offers to the firms Turban et al. (2017,pp.57). It further helps in recognizing that the strategic potential of internet use helps in controlling the bounds of relationships as well as interfaces that is mainly utilized between the business as well as customers that is mainly associated with the strategy of the firm. Impact of e-commerce on small enterprises It is opined by Abou-Shouket al. (2016) e-commerce helps in offering a number of potential benefits both to large business as well as to small enterprises. The studies help in elaborating the benefit as well as impact of e-commerce on the business of the organization. E-commerce helps in offering number of unmatched savings in terms of different types of transaction costs Savrul, Incekara and Sener (2014, pp. 37). In addition to this, it is identified that with the utilization of e-commerce the business can shorten their traditional supply chains for minimizing the transportation obstacles. Despite of the benefits that the small enterprises obtain due to the adoption of e-commerce into their business, it is identified that there are number of problems that are associated with the identification of appropriate application of e-commerce and its strategy due to lack of proper planning as well as knowledge in ICT White, Afolayan and Plant (2014, pp.34). Consequently, it is quite hard to witness that the SMEs owners as well as managers will finally develop the strategy of ICT through a trial and error procedure. According to Awiagah, Kang and Lim (2016), e-commerce is considered as the most important instrument of the economy. The government of the developing countries is trying to enhance its usage so that the small enterprises of the developing countries can be aware about the adoption of e-commerce in business. The governments of different developing countries are raising efficiency for accelerating the economic growth of their country. It is stated by Abdulhakeem, Edwards and McDonald (2017) that may developing countries are also planning serious bid for making the best utilization of e-commerce in order to boost the growth of the small enterprises. Financial benefit of e-commerce on small enterprises of developing countries It is stated by Rahayu and Day (2017) that e-commerce is one of the medium of trade that mainly helps in creating a positive impact on the economy of the developing countries. It will be helpful in curtailing national debts as well as inflation debts of the developing countries in order to enhance the gross national product. Not only does e-commerce helps in creating a positive impact on the economy of the small enterprises but it also helps in curtailing the national debt of the developing countries for experiencing a more open economy as well as for enhancing competitive advantage Uwamariya, Cremer and Loebbecke (2015, pp.67). Such an opportunity by the e-commerce utilization in developing countries helps in holding lot of promise for developing the country economically by providing proper opportunities of penetrating both the national as well as the international market. The opportunities that are provided by e-commerce are for small enterprises of the developing countries that ge nerally lacks resources. It is identified that the advent of e-commerce as well as internet are quite helpful in reducing the costs that are associated with the business. It is identified that the changes that is sparked by the ecommerce helps in creating a important impact on the economy of the developing countries. The growth of e-commerce retail sales has reduced search cost of the consumers that generally helps in placing downward pressure on the prices of the consumer for minimizing the price dispersion for many consumer goods. This lead to substantial minimization in the number of companies that are operating in different industries that generally tend to be less involved with the e-commerce Rahayu (2015, pp.65).The rapid growth of e-ecommerce is helpful in providing major boost for different residential parcel delivery services. E-commerce as well as globalization enhances the connectivity and the speed with which the sales transactions can be conducted. It is identified that there is a tremendous enhance in online sales due to the utilization of e-commerce in small enterprises of the developing countries. It is identified that business revenue mainly incorporates an e-commerce platform for enhancing it up to 150%. This is generally attributed that most of the people generally prefers access as well as convenience of e-commerce platform. According to Panneerselvam (2016), economic condition is mainly recognized as one of the most important driver for adoption of e-commerce. Both the GDP as well as income per capita helps in indicating the economic condition of the developing countries. The e-commerce generally helps in depending on different technology infrastructures that are generally needed for connecting different regions as well as parties within the developing countries. Socioeconomic benefit of e-commerce on small enterprises of developing countries It is opined by Da Costa (2016) that e-commerce generally helps in carrying strong socioeconomic implications on the developing countries. The people of developing countries will be able to perform different types of transactions in the business for elevating their standards as well as quality of life. E-commerce utilization in small enterprises helps in creating high opportunity for the business of small enterprises with proper market access. Electronic commerce will be helpful in generating productive gains by minimizing the transaction cost of the business. It is analyzed that the consumers will also get the benefit through reduced search costs that generally helps increasing competition as well as reducing the prices. Procurement benefit of e-commerce on small enterprises of developing countries It is stated by Mazzarol (2015) that the firms of developing countries generally utilizes internet in order to achieve different kinds of procurement as well as inventory savings. The potential for saving by the small enterprises can be mainly divided into minimized processing costs for procurement transactions, reduced price inputs that are mainly attributed for enhancing competition as well as for improving the inventory control. It is identified that utilization of electronic inventory as well as transferring information helps in enabling the producers to minimize the time components as well as various types of raw materials that are generally utilized in different stages of processing. It is identified that even small reduction in the holding of inventory can cause substantial rise in profit because of the average cost to retailers. It is opined by Edefiell and Riesbeck (2015) that procurement in small enterprise of the developing countries is quite slow as well as less intensive than in developed countries so the technical efficiency that is gained from transfer of procurement system is quite large. Additionally the savings in working capital from minimized holdings of inventories is found to be quite significant for developing countries when the cost of capital is quite high. Productivity gains due to the use of e-commerce in small enterprises of developing countries According to Mazzarol (2015), productivity gains can be achieved by improving as well as eliminating the efficiency of intermediaries that are mainly associated with themarketing as well as distribution departments. It is identified that eliminating as well as transforming various types if intermediary functions generally helps in enabling the small enterprises of the developing countries to access both domestic as well as foreign markets at very much lower cost Rusko and Pekkala (2017, pp.176). The small enterprises of the developing countries mainly aim to help the domestic companies. Therefore, net externalities of work which is combined with lower marginal cost of adding new users means that the market of providing different types of intermediary services helps in offering considerable advantage to the company. In addition to this, developing countries also does not able to capture the cost savings from reduced intermediation. It is stated by Alrousan and Jones (2016) that the internet helps in offering the proper potential of saving the retail transactions as compared with traditional systems. It is suggested that greater the availability of information to consumers about the savings on the provided services then greater will be the productivity of the staffs of small enterprises of developing countries. Preliminary studies suggest that goods that are sold on the internet were priced higher than in stores Eid and El-Gohary (2013,pp.32).The lower cost of service transaction have very much little effect on the small enterprises of the developing countries than in developed countries because the lower wages that are paid in the developing countries means that the enterprise have very much little incentive for undertaking the fixed cost that is generally involved in setting up the electronic system. It is opined by Laudon and Traver (2013) that the utilization of e-commerce in small organization assists in improving access as well as the ease of information that further helps in enhancing the productivity of the capital for raising its return in context to labor. It is identified that the utilization of e-commerce by small enterprises helps in increasing the demand for skilled labor. Electronic commerce helps in increasing regional equality. It is identified that some aspects of electronic commerce could be helpful in mitigating the impact of inequality in the developing countries Pantano (2014, pp.345). The minimized production costs enhance the demand of the workers despite the fall in the input of production. It is identified that electronic commerce helps in enhancing market transparency by minimizing search costs as well as reliance on intermediaries. It is found that this effect of minimizing the process of different skill-incentive goods helps in increasing the income of work. It is stated by Kurniaet al. (2015) that due to the use of electronic commerce, the sales as well asmarketing roles in small enterprises enhances in a global supply chain network. The steady growth of the small enterprises in the developing countries has been changed due to the use of e-commerce. The growth as well as utilization of e-commerce in small enterprises of the developing countries helps in substantially reducing the transaction costs as well as helps in improving the supply chain management by reducing the cost that is mainly associated with global sourcing Alrousan and Jones (2016, pp.270). Moreover, the growth of e-commerce helps in placing downward pressure on inflation and assists in enhancing productivity, competitiveness as well as profit margins. Other additional benefits of e-commerce in small enterprises The adoption of ecommerce by small enterprises in the developing countries assists in providing number of advantages. Several studies help in categorizing the benefit that the small enterprises of the developing countries gained due to the adoption of e-commerce. The benefits are generally divided into three important areas that include cost savings, time savings as well as quality improvements. Direct benefits are quite quantifiable while the indirect benefits are not properly quantifiable and are not oftenly predictable. It is identified that both direct as well as indirect benefit that is mainly categorized into long terms as well as short term benefits Da Costa (2016, pp.47) It is identified that the short term benefits are realized in couple of months whereas the short term benefit can be achieved for gained are quite unpredictable. Additionally, it is analyzed that for all enterprises of developing countries, e-commerce helps in providing the benefit of reduced information that include search cost as well as different types of transaction costs. There are number of ways in which e-commerce helps in providing benefits. According to Mazzarol (2015), e-commerce helps in facilitating the development as well as promotion of business of the developing countries that further helps in achieving proper amount of financial benefit. Moreover, it assists in providing proper service to the enterprises of the developing countries by allowing them to operate properly as well as efficiently in provide proper benefit to the customers globally. Conclusion It can be concluded from the entire assignment that e-commerce creates positive impact on the small enterprises of the developing countries. It is identified that e-commerce not only provides number of opportunities to the small enterprises but also helps in providing number of benefits. The use of ecommerce helps in reducing cost, increasing sales, minimizing productivity as well as helps in reducing time processing. Additionally, e-commerce adoption by small enterprises helps in raising the economy of the developing countries by achieving proper financial growth. The opportunities as well as benefits that are provided to the enterprises who adopt e-commerce assist in enhancing the popularity of the technology. In spite of the advantages, it is identified that it provides number of complexities to the organization that adopt them. It is quite important to resolve the issues so that the adoption of ecommerce by the small enterprises of the developing countries is helpful in providing proper benefits. References Abdulhakeem, I., Edwards, H. and McDonald, S. (2017). E-commerce adoption in Developing Countries SMEs: What Do the Prevailing Theoretical Models Offer Us?. Abou-Shouk, M.A., Lim, W.M. and Megicks, P (2016). Using competing models to evaluate the role of environmental pressures in ecommerce adoption by small and medium sized travel agents in a developing country.Tourism Management,52, pp.327-339. Ahmad, S.Z., Abu Bakar, A.R., Faziharudean, T.M. and Mohamad Zaki, K.A. (2015). An empirical study of factors affecting e-commerce adoption among small-and medium-sized enterprises in a developing country: Evidence from Malaysia.Information Technology for Development,21(4), pp.555-572. Alrousan, M.K. and Jones, E. (2016). A conceptual model of factors affecting e-commerce adoption by SME owner/managers in Jordan.International Journal of Business Information Systems,21(3), pp.269-308. Awiagah, R., Kang, J. and Lim, J.I. (2016). Factors affecting e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Ghana.Information Development,32(4), pp.815-836. Choshin, M. and Ghaffari, A. (2017). An investigation of the impact of effective factors on the success of e-commerce in small-and medium-sized companies.Computers in Human Behavior,66, pp.67-74. Da Costa, E. (2016).Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. Mit Press. Edefiell, C. and Riesbeck, M. (2015). Outcomes of e-commerce adoption within Swedish SME: A SME performance perspective. Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H. (2013). The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), pp.31-50. Falk, M. and Hagsten, E. (2015). E-commerce trends and impacts across Europe.International Journal of Production Economics,170, pp.357-369. Friedman, Th. L. (2005). The World is Flat. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Ghemawat, P. (2009). Why the World Isnt Flat. Foreign Policy, Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/14/why-the-world-isnt-flat/ Hanna, N.K. (2016). E-commerce as a techno-managerial innovation ecosystem: Policy implications.Journal of Innovation Management,4(1), pp.4-10. Kurnia, S., Choudrie, J., Mahbubur, R.M. and Alzougool, B. (2015). E-commerce technology adoption: A Malaysian grocery SME retail sector study.Journal of Business Research,68(9), pp.1906-1918. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G. (2013).E-commerce. Pearson. Mazzarol, T. (2015). SMEs engagement with e-commerce, e-business and e-marketing.Small enterprise research,22(1), pp.79-90. Panneerselvam, R. (2016). Managing E-Commerce Adoption Challenges for SMEs in Developing Countries. InEncyclopedia of E-Commerce Development, Implementation, and Management(pp. 1241-1249). IGI Global. Pantano, E. (2014). Innovation drivers in retail industry.International Journal of Information Management,34(3), pp.344-350. Rahayu, R. and Day, J. (2017). E-commerce adoption by SMEs in developing countries: evidence from Indonesia.Eurasian Business Review,7(1), pp.25-41. Rahayu, R.(2015).E-Commerce Adoption by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Indonesia: An Empirical Study of Influencing Factors and the Impact of E-Commerce Adoption on SME Performance(Doctoral dissertation, University of Huddersfield). Rusko, R. and Pekkala, J. (2017). About the E-commerce Activities in Finnish Lapland-Perspectives of Consumers and Entrepreneurs: E-Commerce in Lapland. InSocio-Economic Perspectives on Consumer Engagement and Buying Behavior(pp. 175-195). IGI Global. Savrul, M., Incekara, A. and Sener, S.(2014). The potential of e-commerce for SMEs in a globalizing business environment.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,150, pp.35-45. Stiglitz, J. E. (2007). Making Globalization Work. New York: W. W. Norton Company. Turban, E., Outland, J., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C. (2017).Electronic Commerce 2018: A Managerial and Social Networks Perspective. Springer. Uwamariya, M., Cremer, S. and Loebbecke, C.(2015). ICT for Economic Development in Rwanda: Fostering E-Commerce Adoption in Tourism SMEs. InProceedings of the SIG GlobalDev Eighth Annual Workshop. White, G.R., Afolayan, A. and Plant, E. (2014). Challenges to the adoption of e-commerce technology for supply chain management in a developing economy: a focus on Nigerian SMEs. InE-commerce Platform Acceptance(pp. 23-39). Springer International Publishing. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-4823124586431216412019-12-03T14:36:00.001-08:002019-12-03T14:36:03.670-08:00Vastu Shastra free essay sample Ads by Google important tips TIPS FOR DAILY LIFE 1)According to hindu beliefs drawing room should face towards north direction. 2)furniture should be kept at southern or western walls or corners of your house. This ensures that whenever you sit you are faced towards east or north. facing towards east or north makes you positively charged. 3)the kitchen placed to the southern corner attracts good things . the kitchen should not be next to the toilet,or in front of the toilet. )the room for meditation or worship [pooja room]à should be faced to the north or northeast direction, this deed results in good and powerful worship,meditation. 5)for study table best direction is supposed to be the north or east. 5) i. bookshelves must be in north ,east or northeast direction.. bookshelves should not be above the study table. 5) ii. computer should be in southeast direction. 5) iii. wall-clock [pendulum] should be in north. We will write a custom essay sample on Vastu Shastra or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . above study table is expected] 6)a shrine or a water pot is expected to be at the northeastern corner.. shrine or a water pot is a healthy sign for increase in level of knowledge.. a pot full of water represents the brain full of knowledge. 7) color of the study room should be light reflective. for instance light green, cream,and white is supposed to be the best. 8)according to the hindu religious beliefs a picture of goddess saraswati ,and lord ganesh should be placed in the room,and worshiping them regularly brings good knowledge Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-76499376834346384862019-11-27T15:58:00.001-08:002019-11-27T15:58:05.008-08:00Keys to Success in Cross Table of Contents Background of the Project Research Questions Importance of the Project Academic Literatures How to Answer Research Questions Project Plan List of References Background of the Project The emerging technologies have turned the world into a global village, and many firms are struggling to find ways of expanding their global operations. International marketing strategies have become integral parts of strategic management as firms try to understand the nature of the environment in the international markets. The luxury industry is one of the oldest industries in the world.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Keys to Success in Cross-Border Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many companies offering luxurious products have been struggling to expand their operations to the international markets as a way of expanding their market share. Donia Allegue is one of the emerging luxury products t hat have been rapidly expanding over the recent past. This is one of the first Parisian turban designers that target high-end consumers in Europe. Started in February 2012, this fashion designer has experienced massive success in the recent past in France. However, the management must understand that the international market has some characteristics that are different from the home market in France. According to Ricca and Robins (2012, p. 67), ââ¬Å"Cultural differences affect the nature and pattern of status-directed consumption.â⬠Sometimes a product that is valuable to one group may be abhorred because of the cultural backgrounds. This is specifically so when it comes to the apparel industry. When planning to move to the international market, the marketing unit of Donia Allegue must realize that the international market may require different approaches in order to ensure that the operations of the firm are in line with the cultural needs of the local customers. Research Que stions When conducting a research project, it is always important to set specific research questions that would define the path to be taken when collecting data. Research questions always offer a guideline of the type of data to be collected. This helps in avoiding time wastage by collecting irrelevant information. The following are some of the research questions that will guide the process of collecting data. What is the impact of cultural and religious factors in defining the consumption of luxurious products? Is it necessary for a firm like Donia Allegue to modify its products based on the cultural and religious factors? When is it necessary for a firm in the luxurious industry to consider that it has the capacity to enter a market that has different cultural practices from that of the home country? The above three questions will form the basis of this project. Responding to the above questions will help determine the impact of cultural and religious practices on the luxurious industry. It will define when it is necessary for a firm to make an entry into a foreign market. Importance of the Project According to Wiedmann (2013, p. 112), there has been a consistent rise in the number of people into the upper and middle class in various countries across the world. In the United States and Europe, the number of people falling in the upper class has been on the rise. On the other hand, China, Brazil, India, and Africa have had a consistent rise in the number of people falling in the middle class.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that the target market for luxurious products is rapidly on the rise. There are more people who can afford expensive products in the world market today, than it was in the past. Firms offering luxurious products have, therefore, been under pressure to expand their market operations beyond the national borders as a way of tapping into the expanding market. This research seeks to identify the best approach that these firms can use in order to expand their market share. The researcher appreciates the fact that cultural and religious factors may affect the internalization process of luxury companies. This research is very important because it sheds light on the approach that a firm should take when moving to the international markets. It explains the cultural trends in the market, and how firms such as Donia Allegue should define their products in a way that would enable them operate in the international market. The project seeks to inform these firms that what may be appealing to the French consumers may not be very successful in the market in Saudi Arabia (Okonkwo 2010, p. 76). This is so because of the difference in the cultural and religious practices in the two countries. From this research, these firms operating in luxurious products will be in a better position to formulate strategies t hat can enable them to operate in markets with varying socio-cultural dimensions. Academic Literatures Research is a continuous process that involves gathering new information in order to expand the existing knowledge in a given field. According to Samli (2013, p. 40), it is wrong for one to claim that he or she is conducting research from a scratch. There are always some existing literatures that are related to the topic in one way or the other. A research can on only be important if it brings new knowledge on a given topic. Duplication of the existing knowledge in a new piece of research may not be of any use. It is, therefore, important for the researcher to appreciate the body of the existing literatures in order to identify what other scholars have found out from their research. With this information, the researcher will need to identify the research gaps in the existing literatures. The researcher will determine the areas that other scholars ignored, areas that they recommende d further research, or those that have a contradiction despite being widely published. This way, the new research will be exploring new information in order to expand the knowledge that already exists in the literatures.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Keys to Success in Cross-Border Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many scholars have conducted massive research on the impact of cultural and religious practices on the international trade. According to Belk (2010, p. 61), many firms have failed in their internationalization processes because of misunderstanding the cultural practices of a new market. This scholar gives an example of Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret that specializes on the lingerie. This firm had experienced massive success in Europe and American markets. It saw a big opportunity in the Middle East Market and made the decision to make its first entry in the region by establishing a store i n Bahrain. However, the decision to use models who were only wearing the lingerie was a disastrous move in a society that holds strict principles about the dress code of women. The product was met by an immediate rejection as it was considered a direct attack on the cultural and religious practices of the locals. The scholar says that the firm was almost forced out of the Kuwaiti market. The management had to restructure itself, eliminate the brands that had earned negative publicity and replace them with new products. The firm had to reinvent its brand in this market in order to manage the hostility in the market. This is an ordeal that a firm such as Donia Allengue should not be subjected to in its internationalization process. The impact of socio-cultural factors on the purchasing pattern of luxurious products is an area that scholars have given massive focus in the recent past. However, there are some contradictions on the existing literatures. While some scholars argue that som e luxurious products are beyond the influence of culture and religion, other scholars hold that every cultural practices is a strong force that cannot be ignored by any industry. For instance, Okonkwo (2007, p. 89) says that some of the top-of-the-range cars such as Mercedes Benz and BMW are always advertised using models who are casually dressed. This has never affected their sales in Middle East where strict principles about dress code are always observed. However, the case of Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret is completely different from this. In this project, the researcher will try to identify the truth as to whether some luxurious products are beyond cultural influence. It is from the first reading of these existing literatures that the researcher was able to define the research questions discussed above.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How to Answer Research Questions In every research, there must be the logical methods that are used to collect and analyze data in response to the set research questions. The methodology chosen for a research must be sensitive of the resources available for the research, including time and finance. It must also take into consideration the nature of the research (Kapferer Bastien 2012, p. 53). In this project, the data in response to the research questions will be collected from the primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of data will be collected from a firm that offers luxurious products through e-mail and phone interviews. This process is considered appropriate because it eliminates the geographic barrier. The secondary data will be gathered from books, journals, and other reliable online sources of information. Analysis of the data will be conducted quantitatively to come up with the empirical facts about the issue under investigation. Data collected must respond dire ctly to the questions set in this proposal. The responses will be presented in graphs, tables and charts for clarity. Project Plan Project planning is an important stage because it describes specific activities that should be carried out, the time allocations, and how the financial resources will be spent. The Gantt chart below shows some of the important activities in this project, and their timeline. Timeline of the Activities in Project As shown in the above Gantt chart, this process is expected to take eight weeks to be completed. Each of the activities has a set timeline, but some of them can be completed within a shorter period. Collection of primary and secondary data and their analysis will be the main objectives in this project. The final document should be an informative report that incorporates the views of many scholars, and the sentiments of the individuals interviewed when collecting primary data. List of References Belk, R 2010, Research in consumer behavior, Emerald , Bingley. Kapferer, J Bastien, V 2012, The luxury strategy: Break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands, Kogan Page, London. Okonkwo, U 2007, Luxury fashion branding: Trends, tactics, techniques, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Okonkwo, U 2010, Luxury online: Styles, strategies, systems, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Ricca, M Robins, R 2012, Meta-luxury: Brands and the culture of excellence, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Samli, A 2013, International consumer behavior in the 21st century: Impact on marketing strategy development, Springer, New York. Wiedmann, K 2013, Luxury marketing: A challenge for theory and practice, Gabler, Wiesbaden. This dissertation on Keys to Success in Cross-Border Marketing was written and submitted by user Lillie Quinn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-40908745578411104712019-11-23T23:33:00.001-08:002019-11-23T23:33:03.996-08:00Cancelación de visa por quedarse en EE.UU. más tiempoCancelacià ³n de visa por quedarse en EE.UU. ms tiempo Una de las formas ms frecuentes deà revocacià ³n oà cancelacià ³n una visa americana ocurre cuando un extranjero ingresa a Estados Unidos con una visa no inmigrante y prolonga su estancia ms all del tiempo de lo permitido. Asimismo, los turistas de paà ses incluidos en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados,ââ¬âentre ellos Chile y Espaà ±aââ¬â y bajo el cual sus ciudadanos pueden ingresar a EE.UU. sin visa por un tiempo mximo de 90 dà as, pierden este privilegio si exceden su estadà a ms all de esos tres meses. Revocacià ³n visa por estancia ilegal en EE.UU. La presencia en EE.UU. ms all del tiempo permitido provoca cancelacià ³n/revocacià ³n visa. Adems, los turistas que ingresaron sin visa pierden ese derecho.Otras consecuencias:posible expulsià ³n o deportacià ³nimposibilidad de solicitar cambio visa o extensià ³nse limitan los caminos para regular la situacià ³ncastigo de 3 o 10 aà ±os, una vez que se est fuera de EE.UU.dificultad para volver a obtener una visa americanaSegà ºn datos del Departamento de Seguridad Interna, segà ºn datos de 2017, à ºltimo aà ±o fiscal disponible, se quedaron en EE.UU. ms all del tiempo autorizado:el 0,51% de turistas que ingresaron sin visa por el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visadosel 1,91% de extranjeros que ingresaron sin visael 4,15% de extranjeros que ingresaron con visa de estudiante F-1 Consecuencias porà permanecer ilegalmente en Estados Unidosà El tiempo que un extranjero no inmigrante puede permanecer legalmente en Estados Unidos y su periodo de gracia, cuando lo hay, est determinado por el tipo de visa que utiliza para ingresar. En el caso de los turistas con una B1/B2 el tiempo mximo de estancia est determinado en el I-94, registro de ingreso y de salida. En estos casos no hay periodo de gracia pero podrà a calificarse para solicitar una extensià ³n o, incluso, un cambio de visa. Pero si no se sale a tiempo la visa es cancelada. Por otra parte, en el caso de un turista internacional que ingresa a EE.UU. sin visa por ser de un paà s en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas el plazo mximo de estancia es de 90 dà as. No es posible ni pedir extensià ³n, ni cambio a otra visa. Tampoco aplica ningà ºn periodo de gracia. Una vez transcurrido el plazo que corresponde a cada persona segà ºn su tipo de visa, el extranjero se convierte en indocumentado si permanece en Estados Unidos. Es lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como visa overstay. Consecuentemente, podrà a ser expulsado o deportado, dependiendo de las circunstancias de cada caso. Sin embargo, existen excepciones como, por ejemplo, iniciar un trmite para ajuste de estatus o haber solicitado a tiempo una extensià ³n o un cambio de visa.à Adems de la consecuencia de la posible deportacià ³n, hay otras que deben ser tenidos en cuenta. En primer lugar, una vez que la visa se convierte en no vlida por haber abusado del tiempo permitido para permanecer en Estados Unidos ya no es posible pedir con à ©xito una extensià ³n de la misma o el cambio a otraà Adems, es muy importante que si se est en situacià ³n de indocumentado se cierran en la prctica muchas puertas a la posibilidad de obtener la tarjeta de residencia. La razà ³n es que no siempre es posible realizar lo que se conoce como un ajuste de estatus.à Por ejemplo, Antonio Alonso ingresà ³ a Estados Unidos con una visa de turista y se quedà ³ 15 meses ms all de la fecha autorizada. Despuà ©s se casa con Pili Pà ©rez, una residente permanente que lo pide como esposo. Al principio las cosas van bien porque el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà a aprueba la peticià ³n de familiar realizada con el formulario I-130. Pero despuà ©s la dura realidad se impone. Antonio no puede ajustar su estatus y tiene que salir de los Estados Unidos para completar el proceso en un consulado. Y allà se encuentra con la negacià ³n de la peticià ³n de la green card y que tiene un castigo de 10 aà ±os por haber estado ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos. La situacià ³n serà a diferente si Pili Pà ©rez fuera una ciudadana estadounidense en vez de una residente permanente. Cabe destacar que la situacià ³n de indocumentado limita las posibilidades para regularizarse al impedir en muchos casos el ajuste de estatus. Por eso, si se tiene ese estatus es muy importante informarse muy bien sobre si para el caso particular que le afecta a uno es posible arreglar los papeles sin salir de Estados Unidos o no. à ¿Quà © sucede cuando se sale de EE.UU. pero se ha estado ilegalmente en el paà s? En este caso hay que distinguir dos situaciones: En primer lugar, cuando se ha estado en situacià ³n irregular en Estados Unidos por un total de menos de 180 dà as. En este caso es posible pedir inmediatamente una nueva visa. Pero hay que tener en cuenta que el consulado puede negarla muy fcilmente por considerar al solicitante como inelegible. Y eso es porque una de las razones por las que se puede decir no cuando se pide una visa es que el oficial consular crea que el solicitante tiene intencià ³n de quedarse en Estados Unidos.à Si ya lo hizo una vez, à ¿por quà © no va a volver a hacerlo? Por eso que no es tan fcil volver a sacar la visa. Pero desde luego que no es imposible ya que la estancia alargada fuera de plazo pudo deberse a una situacià ³n razonable que se puede probar, como por ejemplo, haber estado hospitalizado.à Tambià ©n puede ser que hayan transcurrido ya muchos aà ±os y la situacià ³n actual del solicitante, muy asentado en su lugar de residencia, permita suponer que de esta vez no se va a quedar en los Estados Unidos ni un sà ³lo dà a ms del autorizado. Subrayar que de acuerdo a la ley, cualquier oficial consular puede denegar una visa basndose en sospecha. No necesita probar nada. Es el solicitante el que debe probar ms all de toda duda que va a cumplir las leyes migratorias. En segundo lugar, si se ha estado sin autorizacià ³n en Estados Unidos por ms de 180 dà as aplica el castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os, si bien hay algunas excepciones. Este castigo implica que mientas se est cumpliendo una persona se convierte en inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos. En otras palabras, mientras no cumpla su tiempo de castigo no puede pedir una visa y, si lo hace, ser negada. Sin embargo, en algunos casos extraordinarios es posible solicitar un permiso, que tambià ©n se conoce como waiver or perdà ³n y asà se podrà a solicitar la visa antes de que transcurra todo el tiempo de castigo. Las condiciones para solicitarlo son diferentes segà ºn se quiera obtener una visa no inmigrante, por ejemplo la de turista, o una de inmigrante para obtener la green card, por ejemplo, en el caso de peticià ³n por parte de un familiar. En todos estos casos lo recomendable es consultar con un abogado migratorio reputado. No es fcil obtener un waiver y, ni siquiera es posible sacarlo segà ºn como sea el caso.à Finalmente, si se ha cumplido el castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os, es posible ya solicitar una visa no inmigrante o de inmigrante porque ha desaparecido la causa que convertà a al extranjero en inadmisible.à Sin embargo, tener en cuenta que para el caso de visa no inmigrante todavà a es posible que el cà ³nsul la niegue, precisamente alegando que se es inelegible. Es muy importe en estos casos poder demostrar que no se tiene ninguna intencià ³n de quedarse en los Estados Unidos ms tiempo del permitido y de que se tienen lazos econà ³micos y familiares fuertes en el lugar de residencia. à ¿Cà ³mo se notifica la cancelacià ³n de la visa? La cancelacià ³n de la visa se produce automticamente. Las autoridades estadounidenses no tienen obligacià ³n de comunicarlo. Lo mismo sucede con los nacionales de los paà ses del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas. Pierden automticamente el derecho a ingresar a EE.UU. sin un visado, no siendo necesaria la comunicacià ³n a la persona interesada. Consejos para evitar tener problemas con las visas americanas La visa que mayores problemas causa es la de turista. Para evitarlos es conveniente tomar este test sobre cà ³mo obtenerla y conservarla. Adems, no conviene abusar de las frecuencias de los ingresos. Este es un artà culo informativo. No es asesorà a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-81165200801369571972019-11-21T06:05:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:05:07.537-08:00Bill Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsBill - Research Paper Example Since the companyââ¬â¢s application in May and the subsequent development within the House of Representatives, the bill have raised substantial arguments. Proponents of the bill argues that it would create employment while its opponents claim points at environmental impacts. According to Coral Davenport of The New York Times, November 18, 2014 passage of the bill may rely on veto powers of President Obama and Nebraska court approval for allowing passage of the pipeline through the district. As a concerned member of industrial revolution in the State, there exists need to remain a proponent of the bill. Conceivably, citizens should duly commit their votes to encourage the proposed Keystone pipeline project in a non-political but rather economic mind. Ideally, the proposed project presents unmeasurable economic benefits coupled with industrial revolution to United States. Society can envy the nay voters on the proposed project, it is logical. However, change always remains inevitable and not to have concerns and commitment based on the current industrial and economic issues raises responsibility questions. Before voting against the noble Keystone project, a reflection of its vitality to United States economy and superiority should remain a fundamental concern. The following ultimate benefits as aforementioned are domineering for question and reflection before opposing the proposed pipeline project. As concerned citizens of United State, there exist a contemporary urgency to reinstate manufacturing back to the country. Domestic manufacturing industry is imperative in provision of employment and production of locally standardized goods that directly sustains the health concerns that citizens cherish as a nation. TransCanada insists that local refining of crude oil would be imperious in sustainability of the economy especially on creation of employment opportunities. It is essential to understand that opposing the idea would Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-40242594487915232362019-11-20T05:40:00.001-08:002019-11-20T05:40:03.191-08:00Nutrition and wellness research paper Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 wordsNutrition and wellness paper - Research Proposal Example On this basis, the topic I propose for this research paper is the nutritive disorder, Anorexia nervosa. This does not appear to be a personal site. It is the official website of the Renfrew Center ââ¬â a mental health facility, which has centers in various states throughout the United States and a nationwide professional network. This Center specializes in the treatment of eating disorders. The author of the website, i.e, the Renfrew Agency, itself appears to be the sponsoring agency that has put out the information on Anorexia Nervosa which is contained in this site. The credentials of this organization are also evident on the site, because it has acknowledged that it is the owner of copyright and therefore the producer of the material on this specific webpage. This does not appear to be an educational site, it is a commercial site. There is no contact email address provided, but there is a direct link titled ââ¬Å"Contactâ⬠, where a user has the facility to enter personal contact information, so that a representative of the Renfrew Center can get in touch. In addition, there is a toll free number that has been provided on the site, for contacting the Renfrew Center. This site appears to have been created as a promotional tool to generate business for the Renfrew Center. There are no advertisements on this site. There are several links provided for different sections of the community, i.e, for schools, for family/friends and for professionals, and the major focus appears to be the promotion of the package of health care services offered by the Renfrew Center. This web page is useful because it contains information on the disease. It also describes anorexia nervosa as a life threatening condition which usually ââ¬Å"stems from underlying emotional causes.â⬠This supports my thesis that the causes of the disease may be psychological. Source No: Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-28672565834003119672019-11-17T18:10:00.001-08:002019-11-17T18:10:03.813-08:00The Universal Declaration of the Rights of men and Citizen 1789 and EssayThe Universal Declaration of the Rights of men and Citizen 1789 and Modern Political Thought - Essay Example Reforms were put in place but this resulted in divisions because the Assembly adopted a position that was against the church and declared war on nations that supported the French king. Anarchy ensued and in 1792, the National Assembly declared itself as a National Convention. It abolished the monarchy, established a French Republic and executed King Louis XVI the following year (Wilde, 2009). The first part of the Revolution was characterized by moral and physical violence. The States-General met in 1789 in Versailles but were paralyzed by the refusal of the Third Estate (the Commons) to meet separately as a distinct, inferior body. On June 17, the Commons took the crucial revolutionary step of declaring their assembly to be the National Assembly, thereby destroying the States-General. This first assertion of the sovereign authority of the nation soon inspired a popular rising in Paris, marked by the storming of the Bastille on July 14. Concurrently, urban and rural revolts occurred throughout France. Suspicions generated by the political crisis had aggravated the discontent aroused by the failure of the 1788 harvest and an exceptionally severe winter. The peasants pillaged and burned the chateaus of the aristocracy destroying the records of their manorial dues (Sydenham, 1997). The revolutionary government declared war against Great Britain in January of 1793. In Codyââ¬â¢s treatise, it was mentioned that what followed was the Reign of Terror where all potential enemies of the ruling faction, regardless of their age, sex and physical condition, were executed. In October of 1795, a new system, the Directory replaced the revolutionary government and the first bicameral legislature in the history of France was instituted. The parliament was composed of 500 representatives and 250 senators while executive power was granted to five directors. After four years, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76740515980071268.post-15158582026818851662019-11-15T06:41:00.001-08:002019-11-15T06:41:04.524-08:00Overweight And Obesity Of Saudi Arabian Adolescents Physical Education EssayOverweight And Obesity Of Saudi Arabian Adolescents Physical Education Essay Today, obesity is one of the main concerns among health professionals as a result of its recent and rapid increase in prevalence worldwide. The problems of obesity and overweight are seen in adults and children in both developed and developing countries (World Health Organization (WHO), 1999). Obesity in Saudi Arabia is a rampant disease which has continued to escalate in frequency and size over past decades. Madani (2000) maintains that throughout Saudi Arabia that 14% of children less than 6 years can be categorised as obese; while 83% of adults are simultaneously suffering from the same affliction. Unfortunately, the limited scope of empirical research throughout Saudi Arabia leaves limited attribution variables for analysis and will thereby require in-depth investigation. Furthermore, there is limited research to sustain the relationship between urban and rural lifestyles in this region and their influence on the incidence of obesity. Aims and Objectives of Study The scope of obesity research is extensive given the current affection within international communities. Unfortunately, there is limited empirical analysis of Saudi Arabia that can be used to establish a strategic offensive against this prevalent disease. Recognising such deficiency, the aims of this analysis revolve around conduct of a cross-sectional research study in an attempt to define the socio-economic relationship with obesity in Saudi Arabia among adolescents. Through this analysis, a measurement methodology will be defined which includes categorical qualification and variable comparison to determine at-risk levels for adolescents in this global region. A main aim of this analysis is to investigate the relationship between urban and rural obesity as well as the other variables including exercise and diet which influence the prevalence of this disease. Overall, the objectives of this analysis are to provide indicative data regarding obesity prevalence and the association of socio-demographic and lifestyle variables including dietary habits and exercise frequency. By exploring the specific caloric intake levels and food profiles, determination will be made regarding consumption differences between rural and urban areas, generating a blueprint of obesity that supersedes traditional boundaries. Significance of Study In modern Saudi Arabian society, childhood obesity remains the most significant of health concerns, detracting from overall well-being regardless of economic or social factors. Madani (2000) reminds that obesity is a direct contributor increase in mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and non-insulin dependent diabetes. The main objectives of this study are to explore the main contributors to Saudi Arabian obesity in the context of diet, exercise, and demographic data. Through comparative analysis, this study will provide an empirical framework wherein at-risk categories can be prescribed for health care practitioners to assist in attribution. Furthermore, this analysis will directly contribute to leading academic theories regarding differentiation between urban and rural social foundations and their influence on children. Providing evidence to inform a strategy for obesity combat, this research will offer a gateway for further research and encourage local awar eness and implementation of control measures. Review of Literature Obesity is the heavy and disproportionate collation of fat to an extent that that it can significantly increase risk of disease contraction which can prove detrimental to health like heart disease and diabetes. Whilst there are a genetic, environmental and psychological components contributing to obesity, the main cause is a lack of activity combined with high calorie food intake. This chronic disease is characterized by a severe imbalance in energy metabolism as a result of excessive food intake in tandem with reduced energy expenditure. The WHO estimates that approximately 20 million children less than five years old, all around the globe, are overweight (WHO, 2003). Statistics have shown that it is not only developed countries suffering from this problem; developing countries in the Middle East, Western Pacific and Latin America have high levels of obesity among children (Popkin, 2002a). The Gulf States (GCC) are the richest among the developing countries and as a result of the economic boom, obesity and overweight have become one of the main health problems in this part of the world (Musaiger 2004). Significant economic growth has had a negative impact on the Saudi life style, particularly in terms of diet habits and customs, where traditional food has been replaced by high fat, high sugar, fast food (Al-Othaimeen, 2007). Moreover, this financial change has encouraged the people of Saudi Arabia to move from rural villages to urban cities. This huge change in the environment has led to a change in food habits and styles of physical activities, because urbanisation provides easy access to modern technology, including transportation and a high availability of food at all times of the year (Mendez and Popkin, 2004). Obesity in Saudi Arabia is a rampant disease that has continued to escalate in frequency and breadth over the past decades. More than one study has shown that the prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia ranges between 11.8 per cent and 36.1 per cent (Al-Nozha et al., 2008). Recently, a study found that more than 52 per cent of pregnant women are obese (El-Gilany and El-Wehady, 2009). Moreover, research to study cardiovascular disease and its impacts among 17,232 Saudi adults demonstrated that 72.5 per cent of Saudi people are obese or overweight (Al-Nozha et al., 2005). The highest prevalence of obesity among Saudi children was found in Riyadh, the central region of Saudi Arabia (Al-Nuaim et al., 1996) The prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia is of significant concern, and research studies have been undertaken to better develop causal hypotheses and predictions for future incidence. Abalkhail (2002) determined that between 1994 and 2000, a significant increase in BMI in Saudi Arabian adolescents occurred which was directly correlated with lifestyle and eating habits. These variables led to the conclusion that enhanced nutrition education and school system intervention were essential to supporting healthy development of Saudi children. In fact, recent research by Mahfouz et al. (2008) determined that Saudi school interventions involving increased physical activity and behavioural therapy have garnered significant results in the decrease of childhood obesity. Given that preventative techniques are linked to social networks, establishing a foundation of aversion and active mitigation continues to assist Saudi residents in overcoming the influences of this disease. To date, there is only one national nutrition survey represent prevalence of childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia. This household survey done between 1994 to 1998 and involved only 12,701 children aged 1-18 years (Al-Nuaim, 1996 ). These data were collected from families living in capital cities and urban areas which make this study not truly representative. Beside this national survey, there are number of studies collected at regions level. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabian children is vary because of using different standards and definitions of obesity. Table 1.1 summaries some of published studies. Table 1.1 studies from Saudi Arabia Reference details subjects Measurement methods Main outcomes Life style and nutrition and their impact on health of Saudi school students in Abha, Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia Farghaly, N(2006) Cross sectional Country: Saudi (south) N: 767 Age: male and female students in primary, intermediate and secondary school (7-18 years). -BMI -Height -Weight -BMI=weight (Kg)/ height2 (m2 ) -Obesity: weight-for-height z-scores more than 2 standard deviation above the mean. (WHO NCHS) -72% of primary school students consume food rich in carbohydrates, low fiber -male practicing longer physical activities than female -15.9% were obese -11% were overweight. Overweight and obesity and their relation to dietary habits and socio-demographic characteristics among male primary school children in Al-Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Amin,T et all (2008) Cross sectional study Country: Saudi (Eastern region) N:1139 Age: 5th and 6th grades. -weight -height -BMI -Youth and Adolescence Food Frequency Questionnaire (YFFQ) -obese when BMI>95 -overweight when BMI>85 -YFFQ: to assess dietary consumption of adolescents by asking of frequency food consumption per day. -14.2% were overweight. -9.7% were obese -the prevalence of obesity and overweight is more in urban than in rural. -obesity in children linked with low educated mother. Overweight and obesity among attendees of primary care clinics in a university hospital Country: Saudi (Central region) N:3205 Age: all patient male and female who visited outpatient clinics at the University Hospital -Riyadh Between 22 April-22May 2006 -weight -height -BMI -BMI: weight in kilogram divided by height in meters square. -all anthropometric measurements were taken by professional nurses. -60.3% of adolescent are within normal body mass index -18.7% were overweight, (BMI=25 to -only 3.4% were morbid obese, BMI>40 Obesity among Saudi male adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Al-Rukban,M (2003) Saudi Med J ; Vol. 24 (1): 27-33 Cross sectional study Country: Saudi (central region) N: 894 Age:12-20 -BMI overweight >85th -obese >95th BMI percentile -13.8% were overweight -20.5% were obese. Obesity and Related Behaviors among Adolescent School Boys in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia Mahfouz,A et al(2007) Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Vol. 54, No. 2 Country: Saudi (southern region) N: 2696 Age:11-19 -height -weight -BMI -general structured questionnaire underweight : -normal weight :15th- -Overweight :85th- -Obese:>95th percentile -questionnaire include question about socio-demographic condition, consumed food and physical activities. -16% were obese -95% had lack of exercise -obesity among adolescent in Abha is a health problem now and near future. Prevalence and socioeconomic risk factors of obesity among urban female students in Al-Khobar city, Eastern Saudi Arabia, 2003 Al-Saeed, W et al (2006) obesity reviews 8 , 93-99 cross sectional study Country: Saudi (Eastern region) N: 2239 Age:6-17 years -socio-demographic questionnaire -BMI -questionnaire given to parents to fill it out, includes question about fathers education, occupation and family incomes. -BMI= Weight (in kg)/Height (in m2). -20% were overweight -11% were obese -obesity and overweight in children are associated with highly educated mothers. -obesity among female is higher than male. Power (2009) voices compelling concerns about the prevalence of obesity within the gulf regions and focuses in particular on Saudi Arabia. According to Power (2009) obesity has now reached such a proportion that it is seriously beginning to threaten the Saudi community as becoming a nationwide epidemic. Furthermore empirical studies performed by Novotny (2003) have further implicated Saudi Arabia as the gulf capital for obesity as a sample of Saudi nationals over a five year period were selected utilizing a multistage stratified cluster sampling format with probability being proportionate to size. Physicians had a health obligation of measuring obesity accurately which was done through a quartet index of Body Mass Index. The data showed a sample of 8,865 participants comprising of 46.8% males with a mean age of 33.5 years. The prevalence of overweight came to 28.7% for females and 31.4% for males. With respect to obesity Novotny (2003) continues that holistic prevalence was 21.5% mal es and 25.4% for females. Indeed, the research design is suggestive of the notion that such figures many indeed represent accurate values nationally. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, issues such as area, income, age and gender etc are from a statistical perspective significant predictors of obesity. Fairburn (2005) agrees and cites that the prevalence of obesity as the data suggests is normally higher in females than males due to sedentary lifestyles but lower in people residing in rural regions who adhere to traditional forms of life. Thus, the data may suggest that the prevalence and pattern of obesity according to gender and age is similar in Arab nations to those in western counties. The risk factors to children are huge. Power (2009) further mentions that Saudi Arabian children in particular are known to be sedentary kids and are more likely to gain weight due to a severe lack of physical activity. Fairburn (2005) however is adamant that some risk factors can be manipulated or modified and eagerly states that most of the risk factors impacting children are controllable in early life and thus negating the risk of heart disease later in life. Fairburn (2008) cites that parents can help children maintain a healthy body weight through physical activity and limiting salt consumption whilst educating them about the dangers of smoking highlighting that nicotine in cigarettes can cause the contraction of blood vessels and thus restricting blood flow through the vessels. In relation to obesity Fairburn (2005) argues that controlling portions containing fewer calories is the best way forward. Power (2009) however cites that this may not be applicable in all instances and states that more methodical ways need to be devised like fun games in order to increase activity. Further research among Saudi adolescents highlighted categorical variance that played a pertinent role in levels of childhood obesity. Amin et al. (2008) determined through quantitative research that male Saudi children with less educated parents and more working mothers were increasingly prone to obesity and overweight. In fact, such research is directly correlated with the work of Al-Subaie (2000) in which mothers education acted as a singular influence on Saudi females dietary habits formation. In a study by Al-Saeed et al. (2007) research amongst Saudi female students determined that parental working patterns were positively correlated to the incidence of childhood obesity. From this perspective, those children whose parents were actively working in private jobs were more likely to become obese. These specific demographic variables and their influence on Saudi obesity are essential to predicting incidence and moderating the increasing prevalence of this disease. From an alternate perspective, geographic research further explores the variability of obesity amongst Saudi adolescents. Regional research by Al-Nuaim et al. (1996) and El-Hazmi and Warsy (2002) has demonstrated that the incidence of obesity is positively correlated to geographic location in Saudi Arabia. These studies highlight increased obesity in the Eastern Province while the Southern Province demonstrated a significant decrease in incidence. El-Hazmi and Warsy (2002) postulate that such discrepancies may be directly related to environmental or genetic factors, thereby illuminating unique traits of obesity that are specific to Saudi Arabia. Further geographic research conducted by Khalid (2008) demonstrated that children at higher altitudes in Saudi Arabia tend to be increasingly overweight which has been suggested to be related to lifestyle and exercise habits. Each of these analyses provides a foundation of necessity for further evaluation of geographic differentiation in obes ity between rural and urban children in Saudi Arabia. Such evaluation could provide an undeniable link between exercise habits, diet, and income which allows regional officials to employ strategic preventative measures to reduce the incidence of obesity. Many medical and psychological risks and complications are associated with childhood obesity and overweight (Lobstein et al., 2004). ).. A strong relationship was found between asthma and BMI among obese and overweight children (Muà ±oz et al., 2001). Further, obesity can affect children emotionally and psychologically, as low self-esteem in obese children is likely to increase levels of anger and loneliness (Strauss, 2000).One of the main concerns of health professionals is the strong relationship between childhood obesity and subsequent adulthood obesity and overweight. Especially among adolescents, a high Body Mass Index (BMI) is highly predictive of obesity in adulthood (Laitinen et al., 2001). As result of the difficulties to assess the relationship between obesity in childhood and obesity in adulthood, epidemiological studies have used different design, age group, definitions and measurements (livingstone, 2000). Beside these limitations, more than one study have found that there is a strong relationship between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity (Whitaker et al., 1997);(Hill et al., 1998) ;(Gue et al., 1999). Obesity in adults is associated in turn with a variety of chronic diseases. For instance, a recent publication of the American Institute for Cancer Research (2007) found that an increase in body fat was associated with a variety of cause cancers including cancer of pancreas, oesophagus, colorectal, breast, kidney, allbladder and liver cancer (AICR, 2007). Roberts (2002) contends that obesity is closely linked to insulin resistance and to elevated blood pressure. Roberts (2002) further contends that complications arising from obesity typically include cancer like renal cell cancer, breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Mendosa (2005) agrees and underlines that other complications include sleep deprivation, liver malfunction, obstetric and gynaecologic complications, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension. Mendosa (2005) in particular relates to the short term consequences of obesity as high blood pressure which can result due to a disproportionate body mass index. Mendosa (2005) cites that whilst high blood pressure has no immediate problems, it is a major risk factor which can lead to serious cardiovascular problems and ultimately heart disease. Wright et al (2005) agrees and further argues that with high blood pressure additional pressure is placed on the to heart to work more intensely in pumping blood around the body which can over a prolonged period of time damage arteries resulting in a blockage and thus a stroke. Contrarily though Roberts (2002) cites that whilst this is a short term problem, this problem mainly increases with age and thus adolescents are not at immediate risk. Wright et al (2005) further notes that osteoarthritis can also be a long term consequence which is a joints disorder. This arises due to additional pressure being placed on bones and joints due to obesity. Wight et al (2005) cites that even reducing weight by as little at 10% can minimise the risk of heart disease by improving blood circulation in the heart and osteoarthritis by negating pressure on bones. Fairburn (2005) further alludes to weight management and cites that blood pressure can decrease by up to 2.5/1.5 mmHg for each excess kilogram which is eliminated. Fairburn (2005) contends that a healthy diet is also essential in counteracting high blood pressure i.e. 6-8 portions of a plethora of fruit and vegetables and a low in salt/fat diet. Thus, high blood pressure is a short term problem which can lead to more serious long term problem but can be controlled through weight management and a sensible diet. Childhood obesity is become a major public health concern as result of its immediate and a later-life affects and consequences. Table 1.2 showed the early and late impacts of childhood obesity. Table1.2 Early and late impacts of childhood obesity (Wabitsch, 2000) Early impacts Late impacts Psychological problems Adulthood obesity Social consequences (low self-esteem and more loneliness) cancer Physical appearance Cardiovascular disease Metabolic disturbance Diabetes and hypertension Immune system and infection (High airway infection) Skin problems (acne and skin infection) Physical disabilities (decrease body mobility and activity) Mendosa (2005) refers to diabetes. Obesity can lead to both type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease and has affected almost nearly 42% of the adult population in Saudi Arabia. Mendosa cites that obesity and diabetes are both increasing at epidemic proportions that as many as 16% of the population may have even acquired metabolic syndrome. Wilson (2009) agrees and cites that chronic inflammatory response comprising of abnormal cytokine production, can lead to acute phase reactants and inflammatory signalling pathways being activated. According to Wright (2005) there is an intense correlation between obesity and health related quality of life due to multiple domains of quality of life and the heterogeneity of obesity. Furthermore as Wilson (2009) notes the concept of health related quality of life can be rather difficult to operationalise since from a theoretical standpoint it is inclusive of all issues of life. Power (2005) agrees and mentions that each domain of health is characterised by various components. As a consequence, quality of life is measurable by certain indices that mirror certain aspects of overall quality of life like functional restrictions and depression. Empirical studies as alluded to by Power (2005) have focused on the relationship between obesity and quality of life and have made use of generic scales instrumented specially for obese people. Additionally, as Wight (2005) notes obesity is a heterogeneous condition, and evidence does suggest that cultural, social, familial and individual facto rs can impact the level of obesity one contracts. In accordance with such a debate Power (2005) in particular argues that short term implications include difficulty in standing and walking. Power (2005) carried out dual studies in 2002 which solicited data from 120 obese individuals in the Saudi town of Tabuk. The data shows that 92 respondents depicted signs of limitations in relation to climbing several flights of stairs. Furthermore, all respondents displayed signs of physical wear and tear in relation to other activities whilst many also displayed emotional distress. However, the world health organisation (WHO) in contrast is critical and cites that underlying conditions such as arthritis may have contributed to this physical wear and tear. As such there is a link between obesity and poorer quality of life was in all age groups and both genders. A growing body of data has been correlated in obesity to suggest impairments in quality of life from a short term view are a genuine co ncern. Childhood obesity needs to be taken very seriously as contended by Poskitt (2008). Economic development in Saudi Arabia over the last three decades has lead to many changes in nutritional and lifestyle habits. Whilst these alterations have indeed influenced the quantity and quality of food consumption and predisposed individuals to a sedentary lifestyle, research of childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia is inadequate. The literature has shown that obesity has continued to proliferate in Saudi Arabia. Whilst some interventions have been imposed they have failed to substantially buck the trend of rising obesity statistics. The short term and long term consequences have been implicated as being a serious risk to those who are obese. Furthermore, the evidence does not bode well for childhood obesity which needs to be taken very seriously to prevent the emergence of such diseases as enlisted within the literature review. It should be studied and then implemented in the curriculum to prevent children from adopting a sedentary lifestyle leading to potentially deadly diseases. Study hypothesis: Urbanisation is negatively correlated to obesity Socio-economic status is ambiguously correlated to obesity Dietary intake is positively correlated to obesity Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with obesity Location: This study will be carried out in the Riyadh region which is one of the 13 regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Riyadh region is located in the centre of Saudi Arabia; it includes 21 small regions called Emirates. It also includes more than fifty rural areas all belong to these small Emirates. Study design and sampling: Cross- sectional study conducted in intermediate and secondary schools in Riyadh region in urban and rural areas. Age group: from 12-17 years male and female students. Participant will be recruited in urban and rural schools which have been chosen randomly based on schools list provided by educational authorities in Riyadh. Schools will be divided into 3 levels depend on the socio-economic statues of the locality; low, medium and high. Five schools will be randomly selected from each SES level. This study design to choose participant will be on two stages by using cluster sampling technique: First stage is choosing schools randomly.Second stage is choosing classrooms randomly. Then 50 participants will be randomly selected from each school by using school enrolment number. Eligibility: All students male and female age 12 to 17 years old attending and studying in the chosen schools. Ethical considerations: This study will be approved by the Social and Behavioral Research Ethics Committee of the Flinders University. Permission will be obtained from the local School Health and Education Directorate authorities. An introductory letter to participant explains research protocol and includes consent form for the parents. *Parents will be asked to sign consent if they wish their child to participate in this study. * In addition agreement will be obtained from children to ensure they do not object to participating in the study. *Parents and participant can refuse or withdraw at any time, even if they signed a consent form. *If they refuse or withdraw from this study, they dont have to give reason for it. Data collection and techniques: Anthropometric measurements All ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURMENTS will be measured by trained researchers and the accuracy of measurements will be checked before use. Researcher will use the SECA digital 763 (Germany) which is a combination scale (weight) and stadiometer (height). The instrument will be calibrated before use at regular intervals as per a standard operating procedure (SOP). Weight: Participant will be weighed without shoes and with minimal clothes. Height: participant will be measured with shoulder in relaxed position without shoes and looking straight ahead. BMI: calculation formula Body weight in Kg/Height in meter*2 (James, 2004). Waist circumference: will be measured with a flexible measuring tape. Blood pressure: by using electronic blood pressure machine, participants will be measured on the same arm with a standard cuff while the participant sitting and in a relax position. Three separate measurements will be taken and the average will be recorded (Pickering et al., 2005). Obesity and overweight determination: Based on the WHO growth chart table (Onis et al,2004); Underweight Nutrient intakes: By using Youth / Adolescents Food Frequency Questionnaire (YFFQ) (Rockett, 1995). This method will be validated with weighed food record on small sample size to evaluate appropriate when using it with Saudi adolescents. YFFQ in Arabic language will be created and students will be asked to complete this questionnaire in the classroom. For assessing food habits and behaviors, closed-ended questions will be added, including the following: frequency of breakfast last week, breakfast at home or outside, frequency consumption of fast food and soft drinks, consumption of confectionary, cakes and biscuits (e.g. ice cream, cake), eating while watching TV or computer. Physical activity: Exercises and physical activities will be measured by using metabolic equivalent (MET) questionnaire (Craig, 2003). Students will be asked to recall last 7days physical activity. It will include activity scale ranged from sleep to high physical activity. For each activity level, MET value will be multiplied by time spend in this activity level. The MET-time at each level will be added to get the total over 24 hours MET-time (Craig, 2003). Socioeconomic status: A self-adminstered questionnaire will be sent to parents to complete and return along with the consent form. It will include questions like household ownership of car, computer, TV and other equipment indicative of socio-economic tatus. -current residence If family has driver or housekeeper. Employment status Educational level. Family income. Family size. Breast feeding status of reference child (i.e. initiation and duration) -Own house or rent -Type of house; villa, town hose, house or unit. Biochemistry: A subsample of participants will be asked to provide a blood sample, obtained by venepuncture for analysis of vitamin D level in the blood. Trained registered nurse staff collected all blood samples. Blood samples were kept on ice and directly transported to a accredited pathology service centre within 12 hours. Vitamin D, lipids and blood glucose will be measured from this blood sample. Data management and data processing: Data entry and data processing will carry out using SPSS software. Expected Outcomes This study is designed to frame tangible data regarding the influence of urbanisation, SES, dietary intake, and physical activity on obesity in children localised to both urban and rural areas in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. From initial study, benchmark hypotheses will be evaluated including the following suppositions: Physical activity is negatively correlated to obesity Socio-economic status is ambiguously correlated to obesity (non-exclusive) Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07851700865492051076noreply@blogger.com0