Book One Amazing Thing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Book One Amazing Thing - Essay Example As mentioned earlier, all those people who were trapped inside the building will be rescued. They will be able to travel to India. They will carry with them all the good things that they have learned from the tragedy, especially all the good aspects of life that they have heard from the various characters’ life stories. They will carry with them one of the most important lessons they have learned from their experience: hope will never be lost especially if there is cooperation or group spirit. They will completely learn the importance of struggle and its power to strengthen one’s character. And, it is not the commonalities that strengthen a group, but the differences. All the nine characters will successfully resolve the issues and conflicts in their lives. They will find a definite purpose for their travel to India. It will not merely be for pleasure, but for a deeper, more reflective

Italian or German Essay Example for Free

Italian or German Essay In this paper, I was interested in exploring whether or not bilingual children were more likely to have delayed language development compared to their monolingual peers. I looked at several resources that each focused on a different aspect of language development. All the information came from noted experts in the field of child development, although the types of resources differed. I began with an article that sorted through much of the existing data on bilingualism in order to create a foundation for the subject. Then I looked at additional readings to see whether or not they supported the information from that source. The first article, by Ellen Bialystok, is itself a review of existing literature and studies regarding the acquisition of literacy among children who have been bilingual since birth. She writes that most research focuses on literacy development for learners in their second language, second language literacy in monolinguistics or the cognitive and linguistic aspects of achieving fluency in a second language. Studies that look at how true bilingual learners acquire necessary skills for reading and writing are few, but among those that she reviews, important discoveries may provide insight into how those children can achieve literacy. Children need three language skills before they can learn to read and write. They must have an oral competency with the literary forms of a language, an understanding of the symbolic meanings of print, and the metalinguistic awareness of phonology. This information comes from studies of monolinguistic children, but each of these skills is influenced by bilingualism. The question to be answered is, Does bilingualism have a positive, negative or neutral effect on the acquisition of literacy? All of the above, as it turns out. It depends upon the skill. According to Bialystok, several studies have shown that vocabulary size is smaller in bilingual learners, although these studies are limited and may have been influenced by the verbal abilities of the individual subjects. Regardless, weaker oral language skills contribute to difficulties in literacy acquisition. Another building block for reading and writing is the understanding that the printed symbols encode meaning and represent the spoken language. This skill appears to be transferable across languages, giving bilingual learners an advantage in its mastery. Individual languages have different specifics, but the generalities extend across all languages. Bialystok reviewed studies that examined children’s understanding of the invariance of print, or that a particular arrangement of notations always corresponds to the same spoken word, and their understanding of the rules that govern the correlation of the printed forms to the meaning of the text. Bilingual learners were much more aware of both of these concepts, giving them an advantage over their monolinguistic peers. The last prerequisite for literacy is phonological awareness. Bialystok found that studies of this metalinguistic concept revealed differing levels of competence depending on the language. Some languages, such as Italian or German, are more transparent and have more consistent spelling patterns. English is more difficult because of the many irregularities and exceptions to the rules in the language. Due to the many differences, it appears that bilingual learners develop phonological awareness separately, meaning that the knowledge of two languages has a neutral impact on this skill. A very limited number of studies indicated monolinguistic and bilingual learners each had some advantages in different phonological tasks but that most of these differences equaled out by the first grade. The following three articles look at one or more aspects that Bialystok addressed. Each has a slightly different focus and purpose, but all try to answer the basic question of whether bilingualism is an advantage or disadvantage when it comes to the language development of young children. The article, â€Å"Bilingual Acquisition,† on the Earlychildhood News website, is aimed at parents and educators of young children and focuses on some of the most common concerns about the effects of bilingualism. The author, Fred Genesee, is an expert in his field and therefore is a reliable source. The general tone and the presentation of the article seem to be geared towards parents and educators who fear that children will be delayed in developing language skills if they are exposed to more than one language in their preschool years. Genesee reassures readers that bilingual children do not show a significant difference in their language development other than the differences that occur among all children. His findings are consistent with Bialystok’s regarding vocabulary size. Although bilingual children may have smaller vocabularies in each of their languages compared to monolingual speakers, the total number of words from both languages tends to give bilingual children larger vocabularies. Genesee points out that the differences in vocabulary size are usually not very great once children begin school. This article does not spend much time discussing how to ensure that children achieve literacy in their second language without sacrificing ability in their first. This makes sense because most readers on this website are more likely to be interested in making sure that their non-native English speakers will be able to catch up to their peers. Genesee comments a few times that it is important for children to continue to hear both languages in order to remain bilingual. He encourages parents to use the language that they know best and to provide opportunities for children to hear their first language in the community and their homes. The next article is actually a chapter entitled â€Å"Young Bilingual Children and Early Literacy Development† from the book, Handbook of Early Literacy Research. This reading examines the development of literacy among bilingual children and takes into account how the amount of exposure to each language affects that development. In this study, the authors, Patton O. Tabors and Catherine E. Snow, looked at the effects of bilingualism during three time periods: birth to age 3, ages 3-5, and then ages 5-8. Children at each of these three periods were at different stages of language development and presumably had different language influences. First, the study looked at the various combinations of language exposures for infants and toddlers. The children were grouped into four categories. In the first, both the family at home and the members of the surrounding community used the home language, in this case, Spanish. English input was limited. The second group heard their native language at home, but the outside community spoke English. This is often the case among families who have come from countries that do not have large numbers of immigrants to the U. S. In the third and fourth groups, the children heard both their first language and English at home, but only the third group heard both in the community These different levels of exposure mean differing levels of bilingualism, and that has an impact on later literacy development. Beginning at about age 3, children could be placed into three types of classrooms: a first-language only, a bilingual or an English-language classroom. The children who come from the first or second exposure groups mentioned above did very well in both the first-language and bilingual classrooms. They received support from home in the language of instruction, which strengthened their development. Children who spoke both their first language and English at home also did well in bilingual classrooms, and they did better in English-only classrooms than their peers who spoke no English at home. The danger for the last group, which heard their first language at home only and not in the community was that they began to lose proficiency in their first language. Bilingual classrooms are particularly beneficial for them. What to do during these early school years, first and second grades, is a subject of much debate. Proponents of single language instruction believe that it is best for children to learn in the second language. However, underdeveloped oral command of the language leads to significant problems when trying to learn to read. Some evidence shows that these children fail to grasp the meaning of what they’ve read. In addition, these children rarely, if ever, become literate in their native language, which contributes to a loss of their heritage and culture. The best way for bilingual children to achieve literacy, according to these authors, is for them to become proficient in their first language and then transfer those skills to the second. This idea is supported by Bialystok. Tabors and Snow do mention some concerns with this approach, such as when should children begin the transition to the second language and should they continue to develop literacy skills in their first language after that transition. In the final article, the researchers, Stephanie M. Carlson and Andrew N. Meltzoff, designed a study to determine if bilingual children have any other advantages over their monolingual peers. Particularly, the study examined the effects bilingualism has on young children’s executive functioning. Their conclusions found that bilingual children are much more adept at conceptual inhibition, or in ignoring previously relevant information. Bilingual children do not switch back and forth between languages. Instead, they keep the relevant language in focus and ignore input from the irrelevant language. In doing this, these children have a lot of practice in inhibitory control, and that ability is transferable to other behaviors. For their study, Carlson and Meltzoff looked at three different groups of children: native bilinguals in Spanish and English, English monolinguals, and English monolinguals who were in a language-immersion kindergarten. The researchers controlled for numerous variables, including a family’s socio-economic status and the children’s verbal ability. The children participated in several experiments designed to test executive function when engaged in delay tasks or conflict tasks. In one of the tests of inhibition, children played a sorting game. They were given cards with either a rabbit or a boat that were either red or blue. First, children were asked to sort by shape, and then by color. To make the task more difficult, the examiner then switched to a set of cards that had gold stars on some of them. Children were instructed to sort by color if the card had a gold star, and by shape if it did not. Another test was â€Å"Simon Says,† using the typical rules. In order to test delay, children were given two bowls with treats in them. One bowl had more than the other. Children were given a bell and told that if they waited while the examiner left the room, they could have the larger snack. However, if they didn’t want to wait, they could ring the bell for the examiner to come back, but then they could only have the smaller snack. Several other studies also tested delay ability. As hypothesized, bilingual children outperformed monolingual children in conflict tasks, or tasks in which they had to follow new directions and ignore the previous ones. The children in the language-immersion program did not do any better than their monolingual peers. But what the researchers found most significant was that in looking at raw scores for all groups, the bilingual children did not show a difference in executive function. As the authors note, this means that the bilingual children were doing â€Å"more with less,† since they were at a disadvantage in several important factors, including SES and parents’ education levels and lack of home-based reading. This suggests that bilingual children are compensating for their disadvantages through increased cognitive functioning resulting from their abilities to process two languages. Bilingualism is a complex idea with multiple facets. Debate about English-only instruction will continue, especially in light of the ongoing debate about immigration. Bilingual children may face many difficulties, but in some aspects, they have the advantage. Works Cited Bialystok, E. (2007). Acquisition of Literacy in Bilingual Children: A Framework for Research. Language Learning, 57: Suppl. 1, 45-77 Carlson, S. M. , Meltzoff, A. N. (2008). â€Å"Bilingual Experience and Executive Functioning in Young Children. † Developmental Science. Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 282-298. Genesee, F. (2008). Bilingual Acquisition. Retrieved on April 23,2010, from http://www. earlychildhoodnews. com/earlychildhood/article_view. aspx? ArticleID=38 Tabors, P. Snow C. (2003). Young bilingual children and early literacy development. In S. B. Neuman D. K. Dickinson (Eds. ), Handbook of early literacy research (pp. 159-178). New York: The Guilford Press. Retrieved from: http://books. google. com/books? hl=enlr=id=iDguatyRT_ACoi=fndpg=PA159dq=bilingual+children+have+delayed+language+developmentots=N5ysWJOWTnsig=cnsR9nhU5FVlfgKuFU3B_Bh6bt8#v=onepageq=bilingual%20children%20have%20delayed%20language%20developmentf=false Appendix 1. The Genesee and Tabors Snow articles came from using the Google search engine. The Bialystok and Carlson Meltzoff articles came from using EBSCO. Access to these databases was supplied by the University of California. 2. Search terms used were Bilingual-Children-Language-Development, entered all together for Google and for EBSCO, entered as Bilingual, Children, and Language Development as search terms for subject keyword and using the boolean â€Å"and†. 3. The Genesee article was on a website for early childhood education. It was specific to that website and was just one of the articles presented. It was a primary source. The Bialystok was a literature review of numerous studies, making it a secondary source. Both the Carlson Meltzoff and Tabors Snow articles were primary sources. They were reports of research studies that each set of authors conducted themselves.

Voltaire and the Enlightenment Essay -- Essays Papers

Voltaire and the Enlightenment During the eighteenth century a group of French writers and critics known as the Philosophes favored change and reform. They believed in the power of the human mind, which was an idea that was inspired by the Scientific Revolution. The philosophes had faith in the power of rational criticism to challenge the tradition of the past. They also sought to apply the rules of reason and common sense to nearly all major institutions and social practices. The philosophes proposed a new kind of organized religion, a social religion which encouraged harmony and tolerance while strengthening the bonds of moral obligations within society. One of the major French philosophes during the eighteenth century was Voltaire. He was greatly inspired by the work of Isaac Newton during the Scientific Revolution, who believed there was a close relationship between his scientific theory and religion. Like Newton, Voltaire also theorized about the existence of God. One critic named Victor Hugo wrote, "'To name Voltaire is to characterize the entire Eighteenth Century. Italy had a Renaissance and Germany had Reformation, but France had Voltaire.'"1 Voltaire strongly believed that humans used their reason to make decisions and he also proposed a social religion and speculated about the existence of God which caused people to question their faith and reason. Voltaire, like many other Philosophes, believed in man provided that he was educated and used his reason. However, many people in Voltaire's time were illiterate, superstitious, unreasonable, and relied upon the guidance of the ruler. Voltaire believed in enlightened despotism, which was when the people obeyed the laws and made sure they were fairly enforced by all cla... ... the church and caused many people to question their faith and reason. Voltaire was one of the many philosophes who challenged people's faith and who was a part of the advancements in reason during the Enlightenment. - Frederick Artz, The Enlightenment in France (Oberlin: The Kent State University - Press, 1968), p. 66. - See Frederick Artz, p. 76. - See Frederick Artz, p. 79. - See Frederick Artz, p. 80. - Ronald Boss, "The Development of Social Religion: A Contradiction of French - Free Thought," Journal of the History of Ideas v. 34, no.4 (1973): p. 582. - See Ronald Boss, p. 583. - See Ronald Boss, p. 584. - See Ronald Boss, p. 585. - Rosemary Lauer, The Mind of Voltaire: A Study of his "Constructive Deism" (Westminster: Newman Press, 1961), p.90. - See Rosemary Lauer, p. 91. - See Rosemary Lauer, p. 92. - See Rosemary Lauer, p. 93.

A Closer Look on Bilingualism

Bilingualism is not uncommon to many people and in many parts of the world. As long as there are people who migrate from far off countries to different places in the world, bilingualism will exist, and prosper.This has become a bigger reality in today’s world where different countries are brought closer by technology, and globalization has become commonplace, especially to more prosperous and industrialized countries where migrants tend to gather.Hence, cultures become interrelated and languages are no longer limited to their areas of origin. In fact, it is normal for many people to use two languages, or even more, in the course of day-to-day living, some by choice and some by necessity.As evidenced by studies and observation made by scientists and educators, bi- or multilingualism exists because humans are not limited to learn a single language in the course of his/her lifetime.Although there were no studies that have determined how many languages a person can learn in his/he r lifetime, there was no question that it could be done, given the relative ease by which children learn languages.The brains of a human being hold endless possibilities. It is not a jug that has limited capacity; it can absorb so much more information (Alladina 6). Hence, it is not surprising that more and more people are learning and making use of different languages.It is not uncommon to see a person who makes use of a different language at home, in school or in buiness, a particular language is used depending on the appropriate situation.As we attempt to explore different facets of bilingualism, it would be most logical to explain briefly the meaning of bilingualism and how it is commonly perceived in order to offer a better understanding as to why it has such great impact on the society.More importantly, this paper will deal on the overall effects of bilingualism on children, adults and families, as well as the influences of schools, its systems, and society at large to people who are bilingual, and vice versa.We shall also delve on the choices that different bilingual-background families have or have made with regard to rearing their children as bilingual or monolingual, and the subsequent effects of these choices.We shall shed light on these concerns, partly, by going through the personal experiences of three individuals, with different degrees of bilingualism, who were interviewed exclusively for this paper.We shall examine how bilingualism played a part in their lives. Their bilingualism resulted from different circumstances surrounding them as they were growing up that were mainly rooted from their families.For instance, the first interviewee and her parents migrated to Norway from Pakistan, where she was actually born and raised until she was eight years old, the second one has parents whose mother tongues were different from each other, while the last interviewee was adopted from Colombia when she was eight years old.

From Data, Information and Knowledge to Wisdom

From Data, Information and Knowledge to Wisdom The data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) continuum is a concept of the transformation of data into wisdom through cognitive processes. DIKW was initially used to illustrate principles of information management for the designing of information systems (Davenport & Pursak, 1989)(Saltworks, 2009).DIKW models utilized by nursing such as the model by Englebart & Nelson (2002), incorporate principles of increasing complexity due to increasing interactions What is important and unique to nursing is the DIKW concepts and models also help describe the critical thinking processes that nurses use to transform knowledge into the delivery of patient care, into education and learning and also into nursing research (ANA-American Nurses Association, 2008).The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the progression through the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom continuum that occurs research information to answer a clinical questi on pertinent to nurse practitioner practice. Standardized N nursing Language in Nurse Practitioner Practice The use of electronic information and decision support systems in nursing practice has brought about the introduction of several standardized nursing languages to document and communicate patient care. (McGonigle & Mastria, 2012 ).The identity of the Nurse Practitioner is grounded in nursing practice but has also expanded to include the functions of a physician (O'Connor, Hameister, & Kershaw, 2000). Given the merged identity of the Nurse Practitioner the clinical question is :Would a standardized nursing language adequately document the patient care delivered by a nurse practitioner? The Search for Clinical Data Data are discreet entities that in of themselves have no meaning. The search for data related to the clinical question was conducted through the Walden Library Health Science and Nursing Databases.DATA TO WISDOM 3 Using the search words Nurse Practitioner and Standard ized Nursing Language, both the CINHAL/Medline and the OVID data bases were queried. The search identified 6 articles. According to Bernstein (2009), The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration and reduction, so to select the most relevant articles, the titles and the keywords of the articles were reviewed first. This resulted in one article that did not contain the search words to be elimiated from further review. Translating Clinical Data to InformationTo further evaluate the usefulness of the 5 remaining articles, their abstracts were read to identify any relevant information. Information is data that has some meaning to it. Davenport and Prusak (1989) describes information as data that makes a difference to the receiver of the data. The data which is now aggregated into informational sentences and paragraphs (complete thoughts) reveal that the NANDA Nursing Diagnoses, the Iowa Nursing Interventions, and Iowa Nursing Outcomes Classification SNLs have be en explored for use in Nurse Practitioner practice.This is information as it has context to the reason the literature search is being performed. Linking Information to Knowledge In the DIKW continuum, Knowledge is transformed from Information At the knowledge stage in Englebart's & Nelson's (2002) DIKW model, an increased level of complexity in thinking must occur as a result of the increasing occurrences of interrelationships between information and knowledge (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012 ).Davenport and Pursak also describe the knowledge stage of the continuum as a level of higher order of thinking and go on to describe some of the higher level thinking actions that turn information into knowledge. DATA TO WISDOM 4 One such action is Comparison i. e. How does this information compare to other known facts ? In this case the information found was about one type of SNL, but it known that there are about 13 different SNLs in existence. Another action is making Connections i. e. How does this information relate to other pertinent topics? In this situation another pertinent topic in NP practice is e-Prescribing.How does the use of an SNL relate to e-prescribing? Thus far the knowledge gleaned is not enough information has been found to answer the clinical question as written. Wisdom—Knowledge Applied in Meaningful Ways. Can informatics be used to gain wisdom? Interestingly the concept of wisdom has been eliminated from many DIKW models (DIK models) because according to Davenport and Prusak(1989) there is â€Å"enough difficulty distinguishing among the three related concepts of data, information and knowledge† and so â€Å"higher-order concepts such as wisdom and insight have been lumped into the category of knowledge†.There are differences in defining what wisdom is. According to Bernstien (2009) â€Å"wisdom means an ability to see the long-term consequences of any act†. Or wisdom is knowing when and how to apply knowledge to complex pr oblems or needs (Englebart & Nelson, 2012). In this case Wisdom is knowing that more research needs to be done on the topic of SNL's and NP practice in order to determine if standardized nursing language adequately applies to NP practice. It is what nurses do with the information available or lack of information available in informatic systems that creates wise decision making.Summary In nursing, Data- Information- Knowledge-Wisdom continuum models help depict the critical thinking nurses use to provide patient care. In information science DIKW models depict information management systems. DATA TO WISDOM 5 Data and Information can be stored in the databases of information systems in the forms of numbers, symbols and words that in of themselves have no meaning. It is only when data and information have context and meaning and are correctly applied to a problem that they are transformed into Knowledge and Wisdom in the minds of the users of these information systems. DATA TO WISDOM 6 References American Nurses Association. (2008). Nursing informatics: Scope & standards of practice. Silver Springs, MD Bernstein, J. H. ( 2009) The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy and its Antithesis.Retrieved from http://arizona. openrepository. com/arizona/handle/10150/105414 Davenport, T. , Prusak, L. (1998) Excerpt of Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Retrieved from http://wang. ist. psu. edu/course/05/IST597/papers/ Davenport_know. pdf McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. G. (2012). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (2nd ed. ). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. O'Connor, N. A. , Hameister, A. D. , Kershaw, T. (2000). Application of Standardized Nursing Language to Describe Adult Nurse Practitioner Practice. Nursing Diagnosis Magazine. Copyright 1999 Nursecom, Inc. Retrieved from www. highbeam. com The Data-Information-Knowledge Continuum. The Saltworks Blog Archive. Retrieved from http://www. datamobilitygroup. com/saltwor ks/archives/76

Reasons for Joining Fraternity or Sorority

Reasons for Joining Fraternity or Sorority Top Five Reasons To Join A Fraternity Or Sorority New college students have many cool opportunities when they enter the college: from joining a drama club to participating in volunteer work. However, he or she who joins the Greek system will probably have the most fun. And not only because of the wild parties, which most of us imagine after watching Animal House. The reasons for pledging are much more complicated and interesting.Participating can provide you with a lifetime opportunities that can even help you in your professional development later on. People often advance their careers through networking rather than responding to Internet ads. For example, Phi Beta Kappa is the oldest fraternity in the USA. It was formed in 1776 and now has almost three hundred chapters all over the country.Just imagine how the fact that you participated in such a distinguished society will look on your resume. Usually, if you want to join in, you will be recruited during the Rush Week, though in some cases potential members are invited throughout the year. Afterwards, you will probably spend some time as a probationary member, take the pledge and only then will get complete initiation. In accordance with the University of Missouri-Kansas City, the vast majority of the US Presidents were the members of the fraternity. Even if becoming a US president is not a part of your long-term goals, we assure you that becoming a member of the fraternity has a lot of attractive benefits. In our short article, we will make an attempt to analyze the key reasons to join a fraternity or sorority from the academic, social, and professional perspectives. If you are not fully convinced yet, here are several reasons to join Greek life:

Free Essays on Mt. Vesuvius

For eight hundred years, Mt. Vesuvius, a volanco in what is now southern Italy, lay dormant. One clear August day in 79AD, however, it exploded with unbelievable force, darkening the sky and filling the air with flying rocks, poisonous gas and ash that swiftly buried the city of Pompeii and two other nearby towns. Ironically, the destruction of Pompeii by volcanic eruption also preserved it for later study. This research paper will examine what happened during the eruption of Mt Vesuvius and what has been discovered about daily life in the Roman Empire by systematic archaeological excavations. Pompeii was a beautiful and important city in the Roman Empire located in what is now Campania, Italy. It was about six miles from Mt. Vesuvius, and covered about 160 acres laid out like a modern city. Its population was about 20,000 people. It was important of Pompeii economically because it produced wine, fruit, and garam, a fish. (Burgan 15) Although no one knew it, the earthquake of 62 AD should have been a warning sign of later tragedy. Around February 5th the town felt the ground moving and trembling. They thought soon realized it was an earthquake. Buildings that were unstable were collapsing. The cistem at the Vesuvian Gate broke and cascades of water flooded into the town. The Temple of Jupiter was damaged, statues were crashed and many homes were wrecked. (Andrews 44) No one heeded the warnings that occurred shortly before the tragic eruption of August 24th. Pompeiians noticed some wells and springs were dry and thought gods were displeased with them. The people of Pompeii also felt mild tremons also August 20th, the sea boiled and the ground shook again. (Andrews 44) Mt. Vesuvius literally blew its top on the clear calm morning of August 24th. In high atmosphere particles of magma expanded and released poisonous gases. According to scientist Harald Sigurrdson, the eruption of Mt Vesuvius was one of the largest explosio... Free Essays on Mt. Vesuvius Free Essays on Mt. Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius is a volcano located in southern Italy, near the bay of Naples and the city of Naples. It is the only active volcano on the European mainland. Vesuvius rises to a height of 1277m (4190 ft). Vesuvio (Vesuvius) is probably the most famous volcano on earth, and is one of the most dangerous. Mount Vesuvius is a strato-volcano consisting of a volcanic cone (Gran Cono) that was built within a summit caldera (Mount Somma). The Somma-Vesuvius complex has formed over the last 25,000 years by means of a sequence of eruptions of variable explosiveness, ranging from the quiet lava outpourings that characterized much of the latest activity (for example from 1881 to 1899 and from 1926 to 1930) to the explosive Plinian eruptions, including the one that destroyed Pompeii and killed thousands of people in 79 A.D. At least seven Plinian eruptions have been identified in the eruptive history of Somma-Vesuvius (1). Each was preceded by a long period of stillness, which in the case of the 79 A.D. eruption lasted about 700 years. These eruptions were fed by viscous water-rich phonotitic to tephritic phonolitic magmas that appear to have differentiated in shallow crustal conditions. They are believed to have slowly filled a reservoir where differentiation was driven by compositional convection. A minimum depth of about 3 km was inferred for the top of the magmatic reservoir from mineral equilibria of metamorphic carbonate ejecta (2). Fluid inclusions ([CO.sub.2] and [H.sub.2]O-[CO.sub.2]) in clinopyroxenes from cumulate and nodules indicate a trapping pressure of 1.0 to 2.5 kbar at about 1200 [degrees]C, suggesting that these minerals crystallized at depths of 4 to 10 km (3). The differentiated magma fraction was about 30% of the total magma in the reservoir, and a volume of about 2 to 3 [km.sup.3] was inferred for the reservoir (4). The magma ascent to the surface occurred through a conduit of possibly 70 to 100 m in diameter (5). A thermal ... Free Essays on Mt. Vesuvius For eight hundred years, Mt. Vesuvius, a volanco in what is now southern Italy, lay dormant. One clear August day in 79AD, however, it exploded with unbelievable force, darkening the sky and filling the air with flying rocks, poisonous gas and ash that swiftly buried the city of Pompeii and two other nearby towns. Ironically, the destruction of Pompeii by volcanic eruption also preserved it for later study. This research paper will examine what happened during the eruption of Mt Vesuvius and what has been discovered about daily life in the Roman Empire by systematic archaeological excavations. Pompeii was a beautiful and important city in the Roman Empire located in what is now Campania, Italy. It was about six miles from Mt. Vesuvius, and covered about 160 acres laid out like a modern city. Its population was about 20,000 people. It was important of Pompeii economically because it produced wine, fruit, and garam, a fish. (Burgan 15) Although no one knew it, the earthquake of 62 AD should have been a warning sign of later tragedy. Around February 5th the town felt the ground moving and trembling. They thought soon realized it was an earthquake. Buildings that were unstable were collapsing. The cistem at the Vesuvian Gate broke and cascades of water flooded into the town. The Temple of Jupiter was damaged, statues were crashed and many homes were wrecked. (Andrews 44) No one heeded the warnings that occurred shortly before the tragic eruption of August 24th. Pompeiians noticed some wells and springs were dry and thought gods were displeased with them. The people of Pompeii also felt mild tremons also August 20th, the sea boiled and the ground shook again. (Andrews 44) Mt. Vesuvius literally blew its top on the clear calm morning of August 24th. In high atmosphere particles of magma expanded and released poisonous gases. According to scientist Harald Sigurrdson, the eruption of Mt Vesuvius was one of the largest explosio...

The Definition of Subject Matter for Inventions and Patents

The Definition of Subject Matter for Inventions and Patents Definition: Subject matter is what something is about. In artwork, the subject matter would be what the artist has chosen to paint, draw or sculpt. In patent law, the subject matter would be the technical content of a patent or patent application found in the description, claims, and drawings. In other words, the subject matter is what the inventor has chosen to invent, and in a patent application, the inventor must reveal the subject matter (invention) in a way dictated by law. Examples: Example 1 The specification must conclude with a claim particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention or discovery. Example 2 The distinction between patentable and unpatentable subject matter continues to be a topic of debate among software developers, academics, lawyers, and USPTO examiners. Example 3 The patented subject matter and additional subject matter still pending in the US and foreign patent offices includes claims to methods and devices for delivering medicinal substances to the interior of cells in various body tissues

Natural Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Natural Selection - Essay Example "Birds that survived in arid environment, the ones that had beaks were best suited for that particular environment and they got more food than the others, the same affected their mating process also, the ones that got more food had better mating conditions than the ones who got less food. Similarly the birds who had beak shaped beaks conjured up the resources from the environment like nectar from flowers etc and they were also in a very good position. Natural selection refers to being in a very good position and being able to reproduce. This whole process is referred to as Natural selection." (Darwin and Natural Selection, 17 April 2009). "Charles Darwin is believed to be the founder of this theory and he conducted a research in the 19th century on an island where he found that organisms that suit better to the environment are more likely to survive than the organisms that don't suit the environment." (Theory of Natural Selection, 17 April 2009). The above diagram shows the evolution of beaks of these birds; their beaks are instrumental in determining how much food they get. Their beaks enable them to survive in different ecological conditions, the birds that eat grubs have a thin and an extended beak and the same enables them to poke into various holes and get the grubs. Finches that eat fruits and similar items would be less successful in doing so because their beaks don't allow them to do so. Peppered Moth is a classic example of Natural selection; Industrial melanism is a process that occurs in these species. This process has become very common since the beginning of the industrial age. The pollution let out by industries and vehicles would collect on the sides of several buildings and the same changes the color of the buildings making the buildings darker. The Peppered Moth is usually light in color and the predators that eat Peppered Moth can easily catch and feed upon the moth because of its evident visibility against the dark background caused by pollution. After a point in time the process of mutation took place in these species of Peppered Moths and these days, they have become darker in color when compared to the white Peppered Moths, this means they have again become very difficult to trace and hunt for predators that feed upon them. In this particular case, the process of Natural Selection

Discuss critically the various ways that frontier rhetoric and imagery Essay

Discuss critically the various ways that frontier rhetoric and imagery have been associated with or employed by C20th American Presidents - Essay Example towering figure in the American myth is the frontiersman making his way out west with little but a few dollars in his pocket, a rifle and the hope for a better life. That better life has been achieved for his ancestors, but at the cost of genocide of those who stood in his way. Nevertheless, the frontiersman—and especially the iconic image of the cowboy—is the ultimate embodiment of the American myth and and so it should come as little surprise that farther we move away from the reality of that time, the more Americas leaders co-opt the romantic imagery associated with the westward expansion. The central determining term to suggest that Americans had not only the right, but the moral imperative to run roughshod over the native peoples of the west was the idea of Manifest Destiny. John L. O’Sullivan is credited with coining this phrase as well as defining the concept. O’Sullivan was the editor of the Democratic Review and took advantage of every opportunity to establish the proposal that American conquest of the continent was inevitable and necessary. O’Sullivan was convinced of the greatness of America and saw the enormous bounty of untrammeled land in th west as the key to creating everlasting prosperity (Weinberg, 1935, p. 62). It is a vital component to undertanding the full effect of the use of frontier imagery among 20th century Presidents to fully acknowledge and apprehend how Manifest Destiny played a part in the shaping of the western myth, as well as how that myth continues to be played out today. The country included in its desires for westward expansion those areas owned by Mexico. Texas had affirmed its independence in 1836, but war was on the horizon and it is not by accident that some of the most iconic images of the frontier came from that war. Davy Crockett was perhaps the most famous victim of the siege of the Alamo, and his mythical rise to pre-eminent status reminds one of the manipulation of image by political handlers

Integrated marketing communication Literature review

Integrated marketing communication - Literature review Example An advertising message that highlights the unique capability of the Fiat 500 to upgrade to an electric car delivered on billboards outside of retail stores, on buses and outside of underground stations will present heightened consumer interest cheaply to enhance the effectiveness of the marketing communications mix. Moreover, communication of marketing information can be enhanced through the website for Fiat 500 through which more information can be delivered to the customers in the most convenient and interactive manner. Integrated marketing communication on the automobile will also involve images and messages on social media, electronic mail, print and broadcast media which communicated the same idea which aims at promoting the product to the customers in a convincing manner. Marketing communication is essential in the promotion of a product and integrating the promotional messages and images in all promotional tools provides the most effective way of creating an impact within the market. Every individual, business, company or organisation has a need to communicate, but it is important to remember that competitiveness and communication are highly correlated in the real world because without effective communication, it is impossible to convince others to buy (Pattuglia, 2011, Pp. 5 – 10) and (Percy, 2008, Pp. 5 – 10). This paper is a report on integrated marketing communication of Fiat 500 to the market which includes a situational analysis of the automobile, the objectives of the marketing campaign, tactics, actions taken, control and a marketing idea. According to the Automotive Design and Production (2011, p. 43), the performance of Fiat 500 has fallen below expectations and the target goals. For example in the third quarter of 2011, the company sold 21, 300 automobiles which is far less as compared to the 40, 000 goal. The decreased

Marketing your own arts event or project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing your own arts event or project - Essay Example In an argument by Bose (2010) the product, promotion, place and price analysis is mandatory. From this information, the marketing plan develops insights on the exact approach to the market in regards to selling the strategy. In terms of marketing a musical event, the four Ps of marketing would provide the target market with the accurate information to the product, the place to which the concert would be held, promotional approaches to be used and the price of tickets. The product in this regard is the music concert. The product in this place is a norm in this market (Kerin, 2012). For this reason, the main act would be accompanied by opening acts from already established artist. The opening acts should have the maximum preference of the target market. The event target teenagers and young adults. For this reason, the opening acts should have at least a minimum of 3-Year dominance in the music industry. To increase the relevance of the product, the main act should provide an analysis on what the audience may expect during the concert. The event main product is selling to the industry a new artist. The music industry is highly trendy considering the numerous shifts in market preferences. For this reason, the use of online modes of promotional would be appropriate. The event would use mega social sites for the promotion of the event. Specifically, the main and opening acts would use their social networks handles to increase the quantity of information provided to the market. The use of the conventional media would also be appropriate. This is based on that the approach offers a wider market reach. Evenson (2011) asserts that the success of promotional strategies is based on how well it achieves the objective of the product. In this case, the objective of the product is to provide a sold out event. The price of the event is directly

Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Case Study Example It has been found out that the company should immediately take initiatives to engage in more innovative and benefit reaping CSR activities so as to improve its socially responsible image and ensure its long-term sustainability. Shell Oil Company is the American subsidiary of the multinational oil major company, Royal Dutch Shell. The Royal Dutch Shell is an oil company of Anglo-Dutch origin and is one of the largest oil corporations in the world. The head office of Shell Oil Company is in Houston, Texas. The company along with its share in the equity companies and the consolidated companies is one of the leading oil and natural gas producing businesses in the United States of America. The company is also engaged in the business of natural gas marketing, petrochemical manufacturing, and gasoline marketing. The main products sold by the company include fuels, oils, and oil card services. The company also deals with the production, exploration, and refining of natural oil and petroleum products. For this purpose, the corporate social responsibility initiatives taken up by Shell Company and the main motives of the corporation for adopting these CSR practices are discussed. The outcomes of the CSR activities are evaluated as per the effects of the different internal and external stakeholder groups and a discussion is made on how these activities have shaped up the image and reputation of the company among the global stakeholder groups. The report is concluded by providing suitable recommendations as to how the chosen company can improve the brand reputation by engaging in more innovative CSR initiatives.

Gender issues in asian traditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gender issues in asian traditions - Essay Example t, the dichotomy in the gender roles occur as the primitive societies have viewed men as ‘rational and capable of universally valid thought’ whereas women have always been thought as emotional, feeble and submissive. For them, â€Å"sex differences, the division into male and female bodies, were seen as biological differences†¦.Gender differences, however, behavioural and psychological traits associated with masculinity and femininity, were viewed as socially constructed† (Alsop &Lennon p. 26). This paper tries to analyse the gender roles in Hinduism and Taoism with special reference to the characterization of the feminine in both the religions. One has to keep in mind the fact that both Hinduism and Taoism flourished in highly patriarchal societies where women had minimal roles to play. It is said that Taoism characterizes the feminine as â€Å"passive†, while Hinduism characterizes the feminine as â€Å"active†. However, a close analysis of th e religious practices, gender and social roles of women in both the religions shows one that the characterization of women in Taoism better works in favour of women compared to that of Hinduism. The gender traits of Hindu women can be traced back to their early Brahmanical religion and Vedic inheritance. As Young suggests, the role of women and their rituals during this period was limited to maintaining ‘social and cosmic order’. Rg-Veda propagates the images of the maiden and the bride and praises women for â€Å"their youthful beauty, radiance, appealing adornment, sweet odours, ample hips, and broad thighs† which are evidently associated with â€Å"feminine sensuality and the child-bearing capacity of the girl† (Young 61). Even though the Vedic women’s role was esteemed as wife and mother, she had to remain as a silent partner in the Vedic rituals. The husband’s role was much prominent as he was the patriarchal head of the family and was â€Å"host of the guests, the gods, and was primarily responsible for pleasing

Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Case Study Example It has been found out that the company should immediately take initiatives to engage in more innovative and benefit reaping CSR activities so as to improve its socially responsible image and ensure its long-term sustainability. Shell Oil Company is the American subsidiary of the multinational oil major company, Royal Dutch Shell. The Royal Dutch Shell is an oil company of Anglo-Dutch origin and is one of the largest oil corporations in the world. The head office of Shell Oil Company is in Houston, Texas. The company along with its share in the equity companies and the consolidated companies is one of the leading oil and natural gas producing businesses in the United States of America. The company is also engaged in the business of natural gas marketing, petrochemical manufacturing, and gasoline marketing. The main products sold by the company include fuels, oils, and oil card services. The company also deals with the production, exploration, and refining of natural oil and petroleum products. For this purpose, the corporate social responsibility initiatives taken up by Shell Company and the main motives of the corporation for adopting these CSR practices are discussed. The outcomes of the CSR activities are evaluated as per the effects of the different internal and external stakeholder groups and a discussion is made on how these activities have shaped up the image and reputation of the company among the global stakeholder groups. The report is concluded by providing suitable recommendations as to how the chosen company can improve the brand reputation by engaging in more innovative CSR initiatives.

Independent project Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Independent project - Literature review Example Epistemology seeks out sources of knowledge that has logical application to the cognitive level of every researcher. Those who conduct an inquiry must endeavor to utilize processes as tools for investigation to clarify, justify, and rationalize a phenomenon (Goldman, 1986). Epistemologists usually adapt a normative action to socially theorize an event on its moral basis: is this objective or subjective? Is this deontological or consequentialist? Or, is this absolutist or pluralist? (Goldman, 1986 p.3) Researcher evaluates ideas and arguments, propositions and sentences in deductive or inductive logical processes. Hence, the epistemic component of the study relates to the inferences in the formation of belief or rational conclusions (Goldman, 1986). As such, social epistemology looks into the impact of different patterns in social interaction—its forms, styles, arguments, and the critical interfacing of facts, controversies, assumptions, and theoretical frameworks arising from a phenomenon under study. Heidegger explained that ontology is the doctrine of being and such has interrelation with phenomenology. Ontology explicates the nature of social reality, (Dreyfus & Wrathall, 2005) explores more assumptions, and the categorical character of the subject of research. The ontological side of the study focused on facticity. Researcher would therefore take into the process of engaging, approaching, explaining, questioning and accessing information to determine the subject’s facticity (Dreyfus, et. al., 2005). The epistemic and ontological component of research is often elaborated in related literatures and in the analysis. Methodology refers to systemic procedures on how a research should be undertaken and about how subject of the study is procedurally explicated-- whether it’s qualitative, quantitative and mixed. Methodology also explains the kind of research instruments which will be utilized in generating and consolidating data or evidences.

Police Officer Sophmore Project Essay Example for Free

Police Officer Sophmore Project Essay Introduction The name of my job is police officers. Police Officer are assigned to an area to enforce laws, regulate traffic, control crowds, prevent crime , and arrest violators. They fall under the Protective Service cluster. I have chosen this career because I always wanted to know more about it. I expect to learn how many hours they work a day and how many years of college do you need to become a police. What they Do My job will provide public safety by maintaining order by responding to emergencies call, protecting people and property and promoting a good community relations. My duty will be to monitor, note, report, and investigate suspicious person and situation. My responsibilities are to identify, persue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal act. Education and Common College Majors To become a police officer you at least need a associate degree or go train in a vocational school. Your majors in college will have to be Criminal Justice/Police Science. It focuses on the duties of police officers and public security officers on how they control crime, and on investigation activities. Wages and Outlook Its Average annual wage in California was $78,700 with most people making between $51,550 and $110,550. In 2008 this occupation employed about 72,200 people in California. Its prediction in 2018 that there will be 77,400 employed. Things they Need to Know You will have to knowledge its equipment , policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of the people. Also: Law and Government Psychology Customer and Personal Service Similar Occupation A similar occupation is a sheriff. They patrol specific areas to detect law violators and make arrest. Patrol and guard courthouses, grand jury rooms, or are assigned to an area to provide security, enforce laws, and to maintain order. In Addition I found out that there are going to have 520 openings for people who want to be a Police Officer and 1,870 of replacement so in total their will be 2,390 opening spots. I will tell them that this job is really good and that people who work in this occupation generally prize achievements. Conclusion I learn that there are 72,200 police officers working in California and by the year 2018 their will be 77,400 police officers. Yes I do think this is a good career for me because I will be getting good money and I will like what I’m doing. I will like to know their benefits just in case anything happens.

Language Key Stage 1 2 Teaching Essay

Language Key Stage 1 2 Teaching Essay Research, such as that undertaken by Piaget (1978) and Vygotsky (Krause et al, 2003), Erikson (1997) and, later on, Bronfenbrenner (Krause et al, 2003), has put child development within social, economic and environmental contexts. Language, its acquisition, and how children talk, are recognised an essential constituents of these approaches. For example, at a Piagetian level, language acts as an indicator of a childs age and stage. For Vygotsky and Erikson, it reflects the students pre-conceptions, interpretations and understandings of the world and its workings as well as levels of pro-social skills. For Bronfenbrenner, language reflects the individuals environments within specific systems ranging from personal (microsystems family, peers, teachers) to external (macrosystems culture, beliefs). Currently, the value to student learning of specific talk types has come to the fore. For example, the importance of exploratory talk (Dawes et al, 2004) within the classroom talk context (Grugeon et al, 2005) has been realised as a means of developing pro-social and thinking skills. The first section of this essay extends this validation of childrens linguistic development. It does this through a survey of how theory, reason and practise combine to define childrens talk at primary level. It also looks at the formats that have been generated to support this (e.g. National Curriculum for Key Stages 1 and 2 and the National Literacy Strategy for Key Stages 1 and 2). The second section gives a general discussion of forms of talk. The third section focuses on the classroom environment and the teachers role in an increasingly holistic approach to students language and learning. It looks at the different language forms as exemplified in Figure 1 and how a teacher can best develop a students skills through talk. As the brief survey above shows, the basic human urge to communicate has been much studied, qualified and quantified. Many of the educational models of communication (eg Lasswells, 1948 adaptation of the 5 Ws and Johnsons processes of interpersonal communication, 1986, both cited in Marsh, 2004) place parameters on childrens talk by encouraging specific forms of talk. The National Curriculum emphasises exploratory and questioning (see Table 1) language. It provides frameworks within each learning area and stage where these forms of talk can be scaffolded into a students means of communication. Understanding how children interpret, manage and convey information in important in order to effectively encourage questioning and exploration. Table 1. Examples of talking and listening in the National Curriculum Examples from the National Curriculum frameworks of teaching talk Listening Mathematics Group discussion and interaction Religious education Group discussion and interaction Science Speaking Design and technology Listening PSHE Listening Information and communication technology Listening Art and design Group discussion and interaction Music From the perspective of childrens talk, language must move through a number of stages and in doing so reflects both physical and cognitive development. It could be argued that two functions of talk, at the early stages, are as a means of learning and as something to be learnt (although arguments to a universal basic grammar point to language as instinctual eg Chomsky, 2000: Jackendoff, 1993). Gradually the parameters for this talk develop into more efficient tools with which to gather, interpret and communicate knowledge. It is important to bear in mind that language is more than just a tool for representing knowledge(Karmiloff-Smth, 1979, p.14). The influences on the childs way of, and purpose in, talking, may start as parents and carers and their specific attitudes and values their cultural capitol as Bourdieu would put it (cited in Webb et al, 2002). They also include culture and environments and, as Jackendoff (1993) points out, society. Children arrive at school with this background of child-directed speech. The amount and type of expansion and recasting appears to be linked to social, cultural and economic environments and impacts upon how a child can interpret and respond to school. Whilst this essay cannot give syntactical, phonetic, semantic or grammatical elements in childrens language development the space they deserve, their importance is acknowledged. However, the importance of oral language is now enshrined in the National Curriculum and integrated across the Key stages. As Dockrell et al (2004) point out in their examination of methods of supporting language development in young children, the approach initiated in Teaching speaking and listening in Key Stages 1 and 2 (QCA, 1999) increasingly focuses on teacher modelling. Research shows (e.g. Hart and Risley, 1995; Peterson and Siegal, 1999) how socio-economic factors and environments can influence a childs basic linguistic knowledge (eg the literacy hour (National Literacy Strategy, 1999) has intended to make up for short fall in a students pre-existing language. As the previous section briefly covers, the mode of childrens talk helps identify cognitive stage, personal knowledge, preconceptions, pro-social skills and terms of reference. It also mentions the reciprocal determinism, as Bandura (cited in Krause et al 2003)would put it, where environment is a product of both the individuals internal and external factors. However, this next section takes a level playing field approach to modes of talk. For example, leaving learning difficulties and ESL aside for the moment, a teacher would not expect a five year old to still be using the telegraphic speech (two word sentences) typical of a two year old. You may expect some over and under-extension, but essentially key stage 1 students should be demonstrating more metalinguistics awareness. Encouraging the development of metalinguistic awareness runs throughout the National Curriculum. For example the English section states: Pupils should be taught about how speech varies: in different circumstances [for example, to reflect on how their speech changes in more formal situations] to take account of different listeners [for example, adapting what they say when speaking to people they do not know]. Clearly, at the basis of this are two fundamental skills the ability to explore an issue and the ability to communicate within the parameters that have been established. Exploratory talk, as pointed out by Dawes and Wegerif (1998) is an essential skill that, for many primary school situations, needs to be taught. Their example is with regard to the use of computers by small groups. It stresses the need for children to learn to take turns talking, to listen to each other, respect each others opinions, question each other, discuss and finally agree on an outcome. Students need to know the necessary formats for this to work. For example, one student may have a very clear idea of the issue but may not be able to explain it well. Without the tools to communicate effectively, the students knowledge cannot contribute to the group. This brings us to the issue of the teacher as facilitator of constructive talk. language acquisition cannot take place in the absence of shared social and situational contexts (Chapman, 1978, cited in Bransford et al, 2000, p.94) With the goal of allowing students to develop their communication skills (and the associated processes such as literacy, pro-social skills etc), teachers need to provide a learning environment based on building confidence in enquiry. This guiding introduces a number of important issues. Firstly, the teachers must be aware of their own preconceptions, attitudes and values. For example, the curriculum demands that teachers maintain high expectations for their students. Without this, students can at best loose their enthusiasm for learning in specific areas, and at worst can sabotage their own learning. As much as a students language reflects their background values and conceptions, so can a teachers. An effective teacher needs use a number of strategies to enable students to contribute orally in a number of different formats. Modelling and motivation are just two of these strategies at work in each format. Both through drama and other exploration, children can develop a better understanding about effective communication, both verbal and non-verbal. Speaking, Listening, Learning: working with children in Key Stages 1 and 2 DfES 0626-2003 p.7 Good modelling is an essential part of a teachers repertoire. The words confidence and fluency run through the National Curriculum and one part of achieving this is to provide the students with both the vocabulary a situation demands and the means of using it. For example, Listening Mathematics involves practical activity, exploration and discussion (5.1.a Mathematics, National Curriculum). However, as Dockrell, Stuart and King (2004) consider, difficulties in defining a good oral go beyond modelling: it is not sufficient simply to provide good models; the language from the adult needs to be carefully tuned to the childs language. It needs to be offered in such a way as to extend and support, and children need plenty of opportunity to practise their fledgling skills. Dockrell et al, Supporting early oral language skills, 2004 A positive learning environment needs several elements. One, as Figure 1 shows, is motivation. This is a key element in producing types and forms of childrens talk. Young children will often talk out loud as they explore a problem, new situation, and put the issue into self-questioning and self-resolution. At this early stage, exploratory talk is often self-generated. At primary level, the teacher takes responsibility for ensuring that valid learning is taking place. Whilst exploratory talk is to be encouraged, it is more guided and learning more scaffolded, be that in a constructivist paradigm or a more structured setting. If the teacher can catch the students interest, then motivation occurs naturally. The curriculum gives four groups of speaking, listening, group discussion and interaction (Speaking, listening, learning: Working with children in KS1 and KS2 extends and supersedes the Teaching speaking and listening in Key Stages 1 and 2 (QCA, 1999)). Specifically, the teacher needs to provide individuals with talking formats and opportunity to practice them. The following is one from the English Framework: What is being talked about? Who is talking? What kind of talk? Speaking, Listening, Learning: working with children in Key Stages 1 and 2 DfES 0626-2003 (2003) Added to this could be what does this mean and how should I respond? Sadly, there is no space here to go into the excellent lesson plans and strategies (see for example Grugeon et al, 2005) for enhancing enquiry learning through exploratory talk or activities such as Talk Box activities (Dawes et al, 2004). In summary, the effective teacher needs to: develop a safe and motivational learning environment be clear and explicit (Johnston, 2004) provide and scaffold the basic tools for communication to listen and judge how successful their strategies are and reflect on how to improve them to tailor communication to individual learning styles to provide ample opportunity for students to practise these skills to use small group work develop a students metalinguistics awareness encourage a students self-regulatory processes enthuse and encourage students maintain high expectations These are just a few of the important elements in producing well-rounded, confident students. It should also be taken into account that school is a format in itself, for example playground talk is a valid component of student learning. Therefore, it is as important to listen to the vernacular as to teach confidence in the more formal contexts. Finally, this essay hopes to have conveyed an understanding of the importance of oral language. It also recognises the effect that talk has on other areas of a students learning. Good oral work enhances pupils understanding of language in both oral and written forms and of the way language can be used to communicate. It is also an important part of the process through which pupils read and compose texts. The NLS Framework for teaching YR to Y6 References and further reading Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., and Cocking, R.R. (eds) (2000 expanded ed) How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience and School. Commission on Behavioural and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council, Washington, DC: National Academy Press Chapman, R.S. (1978) Comprehension strategies in children. Pp.308-329 in Speech and Language in the Laboratory, School and Clinic. J. Kavanaugh and W. Strange, (eds) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Chomsky, N. (2000) New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Dawes, L. and Sams, C. (2004) Talk Box: speaking and listening activities at Key Stage 1. London: David Fulton Publishers Dawes, L., Wegerif, R. and Mercer, N. (2004) Thinking together: Activites for Key Stage 2 Children and Teachers. Birmingham: Imaginative Minds DfES. The NLS Framework for teaching YR to Y6 DfESFramework for teaching (DfES 0500/2001) National Literacy Strategy: DfES Speaking, Listening, Learning: working with children in Key Stages 1 and 2 (DfES 0626-2003) DfES Grammar for writing (DfEE 0107/2000) National Literacy Strategy DfES Developing early writing (DfEE 0055/2001) National Literacy Strategy DfESMathematicalvocabulary book(DfES 0313/2000) National Numeracy Strategy DfES NLS Framework for teaching(DfES 0500-2001). National Literacy Strategy Dockrell, J., Stuart, M., and King, D. (2004) Supporting early oral language skills in Literacy Today, September 2004 Vol. 40 Erikson, E.H. (1997) The Life Cycle Completed: Extended version New York: W.W. Norton and Co. Gee, J.P. (2004) Situated Language and Learning: a critique of traditional schooling. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge Grugeon, E., Hubbard, L., Smith. C. and Dawes, L. (2005) Teaching Speaking and Listening in the Primary School. London: Fulton Press Hart., B and Risley, T.R. (1995) Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes cited in K. Krause, S. Bochner and S. Duchesne, (2003) Educational Psychology for learning and teaching. p.21. Southbank, Victoria: Thomson Jackendoff, R. (1993) Patterns in the Mind: language and human nature. Hemel Hempstead, Herts: Harvester Wheatsheaf Johnston, P.H. (2004) Choice Words: how our language affects childrens learning. : Portland, Maine :Stenhouse Publishers Krause, K.L., Bochner, S., and Duchesne, S. (2003) Educational Psychology for learning and teaching. Southbank, Victoria:Thomson Karmilloff-Smith, A. (1979) A Functional Approach to Child Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Marsh, C. (2004) Becoming and Teacher: Knowledge, skills and issues. (3rd ed). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia Peterson, C.C., and Siegal, M. (1999) Representing inner worlds: Theory of mind in autistic, deaf and normal hearing children. Psychological Science, 10(2), pp.126-129 cited in K. Krause, S. Bochner and S. Duchesne, (2003) Educational Psychology for learning and teaching. p.21. Southbank, Victoria: Thomson Piaget, J. (1978) success and Understanding. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Robertson, M., and Gerber, R. (Eds) (2000) The Childs World: triggers for learning. Melbourne, Australia: The Australian Council for Educational Research Webb, J., Schirato, T and Donaher, G. (2002) Understanding Bourdieu. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen and Unwin Winch, G., Johnston, R., March, P., Ljungdahl, L., and Holliday, M. (2004) Literacy: reading, writing and childrens literature. (2nd ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press Whitton, D., Sinclair, C., Barker, K., Nanlohy, P., and Nosworthy, M. (2004) Learning for Teaching: Teaching for Learning. Southbank, Victoria: Thomson Wolfe, P. (2001) Brain Matters: translating research into classroom practice. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development Websites Play and effect. http://www.genkienglish.net/playandaffect.htm. Accessed 5 Jan 2006 National Curriculum. http://curriculum.becta.org.uk/docserver.php?docid=728. Accessed 3 Jan 2006 Oral language skills.http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/Pubs/dockrell.html Accessed Jan 4 National Curriculum frameworks. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/literacy/publications/framework/

Suffering and Injustice in the Opening Chapters of Charlotte Brontë’s J

Suffering and Injustice in the Opening Chapters of Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre At the time the novel Jane Eyre was written, it was very difficult for women writers to have their books published. Charlotte Brontà « was very aware of the problem, and cleverly changed her name to Currer Bell so the book would be accepted. Luckily for Charlotte, her novel Jane Eyre was published in October 1847, and since writing this novel, Charlotte Brontà « has become very popular, and a classic author. The Victorian era was a time of great social division between the rich and the poor, and this is shown in the novel by the description of certain characters for example Bessie – the poorer class, and Mrs. Reed – the richer class. The poorer classes and working classes were made to work in very dangerous conditions and were paid very little. In contrast, many of the upper classes did not have to work, and some of them employed the poor to work for them. Many of the poorer families lived cramped together in very small houses, where as the rich lived in huge, very comfortable homes. This background of injustice is made clear in the book, as Charlotte Brontà « wanted to highlight what life was like for Jane Eyre, the Reed family and servants like her character Bessie who worked in the wealthy house in Victorian times. Charlotte Brontà «n seems as though she feels quite strongly about these issues - both of Charlotte’s elder sisters died in 1825 in circumstances that have great importance for the story Jane Eyre - and is trying to convey to the readers of her book the many injustices and extremes in Victorian society. Charlotte Brontà « wrote the book Jane Eyre in first person narrative so we can feel Jane’s outmost thoughts, opinion... ...e character of Jane Eyre, and if she had been the slightest bit different I would not have this opinion of her. At parts she has made me laugh, and other parts brought a tear to my eye. I feel for her, as she does not have any family, and because of this has suffered greatly. From the way Charlotte has evoked Jane’s feelings, the reader is able to understand what it is like, and the emotions you feel. Jane Eyre is a very determined ten-year-old girl with a great personality, and Charlotte Brontà « could not have used a better character on which to base the novel. She is definitely my favourite character in the book, mainly because of her determination and pride. The book of Jane Eyre has many life changing decisions, and I have sometimes wondered if it was me that had to make those choices, whether they would have been as successful as they were for Jane.

Life Meaning Essay

The definition of life is very difficult. Although dictionaries and encyclopedias say in general is the intermediate state between birth and death, I think it goes far beyond, is something deeper and we all want to know. By asking this question we faced is as if we ourselves, as research is about something I’ve always lived, after much thought and analysis that is life, in my point of view I think is that although many try to define life as commonly defined other terms, in my position, life is not a thing, but rather as a process. To truly know that life is all we can do is live and this is the only way and how life is lived? Maybe it’s the question we should ask ourselves, what can say to that is this: being alive, flowing, running with her, walking with her. Life is now, is now, life is what is happening to us, life is not something or someone or somewhere that we have to look, life is a gift that we already have. lama you can feel in your breathing, your blood circulation in the beating of your heart. What you are now, that’s your life what happened to you, what is to befall and what not, that’s your life. While humans try to find different meanings to what life is and try to give the concept deeper, scientific, philosophical or theological response will never be enough to describe the life, and while people look the concept of life are missing what it is, they have forgotten the real and have been replaced by concepts and explanations that my term, to take advantage of anything. We see what is actually already here, we rationalizations. Nobody can give you the meaning of your life. It’s your life and you have to give it meaning only you. No one but you can find it. It’s your life and only accessible to you. Only by living the mystery will be revealed. Life is not looking at other people or writings or intelligent explanations, these are only justifications that ultimately explain nothing. Life is already bubbling within. Only if you want her there. The temple is on the outside, you are his sanctuary. So the first thing we must remember to define ourselves is life is never look outside or try to discover somebody. And the second thing to remember is that when you finally discover in yourself that is life, you will find that is death. At the beginning I mentioned that life is a process, well, death is part of that process. Humans usually think that death is the enemy of life, which is the grand finale, which is the enemy to be feared but in reality it is not, death is not the enemy, and if you consider death as the enemy that just shows you have not been able to know what life is. Although it seems absurd, death and life have many things in common, both have the same energy is a phenomenon like day and night, as cold and heat, and summer and winter, life and death are rivals, not polar opposites, are not separated and are not contrary, quite the contrary, they are complementary. Death is not the end of life is actually a culmination of a life, the summit of life, the climax, the great final stage. And once you know your life and your process, then you understand what death is. Death is a part harmony, full of life and is very friendly with her. Without it life can not exist. Death is a renewal process. And death happens every moment. The instant you inhale and exhale the moment, life and death are passing, both are given. By inspiring, life goes; upon expiry death comes. So when a child is born the first thing he does is breathe life begins there, however when the old man dies the last thing you do is breathe, there is life. The exhale is death, life is inspiring. They are like the two wheels of a cart. Lives that inspire and breathe out, is part of the inhale exhale, you can not breathe if you stop inhaling, the exhaling is part of breathing. You can not breathe if you stop exhaling. You can not live if you stop dying. The man who has understood what is your life, let death happen, welcomes you. Dies every minute and every moment to life. LIFE is a process, a process in which the past is dying every moment and born again and again into the future. If you look at what life is like you know what death is. If you understand what death is, only then will you be able to understand what life is. Life is a gift, a gift of God, and have certain scents that make it magical, like love, like friends or family, life is full of little moments that make your story and each of these moments is good live them with people you love and who love you, life without love is like a box that looks beautiful on the outside but when you open it and find it completely empty with nothing of value, that’s love, which gives value to your life. Maybe we’ve heard many times the phrase â€Å"living dead† for my concept that is the perfect definition, a life without love makes us dead in life. When we say â€Å"live life†, we mean that, to love, that gives meaning to life, to love somebody to love many or love everyone, to love God and to love nature. Life is real is what is in you is what queeres, there are things unreal, superficial exterior such as money, money is something that absorbs life unreal how many times we have not worried about getting money and is scientifically proven that concerns cause disease and alters the body of people altering the normal functioning of this, while we worry about things more unreal wears more life and go to becoming a plant that interest only superficial things, fine work and make money, which is not right that this will become the center of your life and everything in you turn around money. If we look at the birds of the sky and see how they survive only with his life, feed and have the best clothes that anyone ever could have, with all those colors and how they sing every morning, the birds live their lives, not care about anything and are inferior to us. We should take example from them. Finally we can say that life does not have to investigate it or try to define it or worry about understanding it, life must be lived and enjoyed.

National Integrity and Communal Harmone

CURRICULUM VITAE M Siva Kumar c/o M. B. Achary Pl-no-23/flat no-h2 Swati shikhara appts Huda complex Saroor nagar Mobile No: 91-9866032385 Residence: 040-24043403 Hyderabad. Email:[email  protected] com |Objective | Looking for a challenging opportunity in a globally respected organization that will provide me an opportunity to work on state-of-the-art technologies and allow me to contribute as a positive factor in the progress of the company. |Educational Qualification | Degree/ |College/Institute |University/Board |Year Of | |Class Of Study | | |Completion | | BHM |Greenfield’s College of Hotel |Osmania university |2007 | |(bachelor of |Management, Hyderabad. | | | | | | | |hotel | | | | |management) | | | | 10 + 2 |Kendriya vidyalaya unit –ix BBSR |AISSCE |2004 | | DHTM |International Institute of Hotel |Set win |2002 | |(diploma in |Management, | | | |hotel and |Hyderabad | | | |catering | | | | |management) | | | | | | Kendriya vidyalaya unit –ix BBSR |C entral Board of Secondary Education |2000 | |10th | | | | | | | | | |Industrial Exposure | ? Completed 16 weeks Training from hotel Green park Hyderabad ?Worked for Kebab & Beer festival organized in Taj Residency, Hyderabad |Experience | ? Presently working with dominos pizza India limited a unit of jubilant food works as a store manager over a period of 2 . 5years (Emp code-450866) ? Worked with cafe latte as a shift in charge for a period of over 2 years |JOB RESPONSIBILITIES | ? Responsible for smooth operations of the store ensuring the availability of stock and staff ?Ensuring all the necessary operation levels are maintained includes gas petrol electricity and diesel routine check ups of bikes gensets ovens and infrastructure ? Assigning job responsibilities and training to the entire staff with respect of product people and material ? Checking the inventory management and verifying the reason for the variances ? Promoting the store in different localities by using differe nt marketing tools and regular visits to corporate for bulk orders ? Managing 17 members team which includes 5 delivery boys 3 customer service representatives (order takers) 4 crew members and 2 associate mangers 2 assistant managers and one training ace ? To solve the customers concerns with great care and empathies ?Preparing the monthly profit &loss statement in association with the district manager ? Managing vendor related issues and passing the bills to regional head office ? Preparing monthly& daily M I S report and sending them to the corporate head office noida |Strengths & achievements | ? Successfully implemented Standard Operating Practices & achieved 84% in Operational Excellence. ? Reduced the Prime Operating Cost (Utility, Fuel, and Manpower) per unit by 12% through control measure practices. ? Efficient Interpersonal Skills& ability to handle pressure as well crisis management ?Received many appreciation mails from district managers and area manager for exceptional ideas of in store product management ? Received many customers appreciation mails in terms of showing exceptional hospitality ? Attended National FIDA(financial index data analsis) meet at Bangkok 2011 & Colombo 2012 |Computer Proficiency | ? Office (word, Excel, power point) Operating systems: Windows 98/XP/Vista |Personal Details | Full Name : M. SIVA KUMAR Father Name : M. B. ACHARY Date of Birth : march 09, 1985Gender : Male Marital Status: single Hobbies & Interests: Listening to music &surfing the net To music Nationality : Indian Languages Known : English Hindi Telugu Oriya Bengali &French Address : PL-NO-23/FLAT NO-H2 SWATI SHIKHARA APPTS HUDA COMPLEX SAROOR NAGAR HYDERABAD | Declaration | I hereby declare that the information and facts furnished here are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. Date : Place : (M Siva Kumar) [pic] [pic]

Technological Progress

Opinion essay: â€Å"Technological Progress – Blessing or Curse? † â€Å"He who moves not forward, goes backward†. Goethe â€Å"Do we control our machines or do they control us?. † Author unknown Technology†¦ is a queer thing. It brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other. ~C. P. Snow, New York Times, 15 March 1971 Read the quotations above. Then use them as a starting point for a composition (350–400 words). Write an opinionated text in which you deal with this important but also controversial topic.What are the advantages and disadvantages of technological progress and to what extent has it changed and shaped man's life? TeenONline Essay-writing competition for teenagers: Life without computers is not worth living The best essay will win a 3-day-stay in London You have decided to take part in the competition. In your essay, express your opinion on the above statement. Make sure you include the following aspects: †¢ information †¢ communication †¢ entertainmentWrite an opinion essay of about 400 words. | | |A mobile for your four-year-old? What a bad call †¦ | |Yesterday it emerged that a mobile phone aimed at four-year-olds, already available in Ireland, is to go on sale in Britain toward the | |end of the year. The Firefly, as it is called, has only five buttons, including two hot keys for Mummy and Daddy. | | | | |Source: Tim Dowling, The Guardian, Thursday 25 June 2009 | Are mobile phones for four-year-old children a good idea? In your essay make sure you deal with the following aspects: †¢ possible forms of use †¢ effects on parents’ lives effects on children’s lives Write your opinion essay in about 350 words. Opinion essay: â€Å"The Internet – Blessing or Curse? † â€Å"One of the Internet's strengths is its ability to help consumers find the right needle in a digital haystack of data. † Jared Sandberg â€Å"G etting information off the Internet is like taking a drink from a fire hydrant. † Mitchell Kapor â€Å"The lesson here is you can't expect users to learn. There's too much fun going on out there on the Internet. † Author unknownRead the quotations above. Then use them as a starting point for a composition (350–400 words). Write an opinionated text in which you deal with this important but also controversial invention. What are the advantages and disadvantages of that medium and to what extent has it changed and shaped modern society? What do you think of the impact the internet has on our life and how are you personally affected by it? (134 words) Opinion essay: Career choice â€Å"Money makes the world go round. † Author Unknown Choose a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life. † Confucius â€Å"Those who believe money can do everything are frequently prepared to do everything for money. † Author Unknown Read the quota tions above. Then use them as a starting point for a composition (350–400 words) on making the right career choice in which you state your opinion on: †¢ the importance of money in this decision †¢ what other aspects to consider †¢ how important a good job is for being happy and satisfied Schreibimpuls: 99 Worter Technological Progress Opinion essay: â€Å"Technological Progress – Blessing or Curse? † â€Å"He who moves not forward, goes backward†. Goethe â€Å"Do we control our machines or do they control us?. † Author unknown Technology†¦ is a queer thing. It brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other. ~C. P. Snow, New York Times, 15 March 1971 Read the quotations above. Then use them as a starting point for a composition (350–400 words). Write an opinionated text in which you deal with this important but also controversial topic.What are the advantages and disadvantages of technological progress and to what extent has it changed and shaped man's life? TeenONline Essay-writing competition for teenagers: Life without computers is not worth living The best essay will win a 3-day-stay in London You have decided to take part in the competition. In your essay, express your opinion on the above statement. Make sure you include the following aspects: †¢ information †¢ communication †¢ entertainmentWrite an opinion essay of about 400 words. | | |A mobile for your four-year-old? What a bad call †¦ | |Yesterday it emerged that a mobile phone aimed at four-year-olds, already available in Ireland, is to go on sale in Britain toward the | |end of the year. The Firefly, as it is called, has only five buttons, including two hot keys for Mummy and Daddy. | | | | |Source: Tim Dowling, The Guardian, Thursday 25 June 2009 | Are mobile phones for four-year-old children a good idea? In your essay make sure you deal with the following aspects: †¢ possible forms of use †¢ effects on parents’ lives effects on children’s lives Write your opinion essay in about 350 words. Opinion essay: â€Å"The Internet – Blessing or Curse? † â€Å"One of the Internet's strengths is its ability to help consumers find the right needle in a digital haystack of data. † Jared Sandberg â€Å"G etting information off the Internet is like taking a drink from a fire hydrant. † Mitchell Kapor â€Å"The lesson here is you can't expect users to learn. There's too much fun going on out there on the Internet. † Author unknownRead the quotations above. Then use them as a starting point for a composition (350–400 words). Write an opinionated text in which you deal with this important but also controversial invention. What are the advantages and disadvantages of that medium and to what extent has it changed and shaped modern society? What do you think of the impact the internet has on our life and how are you personally affected by it? (134 words) Opinion essay: Career choice â€Å"Money makes the world go round. † Author Unknown Choose a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life. † Confucius â€Å"Those who believe money can do everything are frequently prepared to do everything for money. † Author Unknown Read the quota tions above. Then use them as a starting point for a composition (350–400 words) on making the right career choice in which you state your opinion on: †¢ the importance of money in this decision †¢ what other aspects to consider †¢ how important a good job is for being happy and satisfied Schreibimpuls: 99 Worter

Select 2 examples of architecture that best reflect the architectural Essay

Select 2 examples of architecture that best reflect the architectural styles. It is preferable that you choose one western ans one non western example - Essay Example The project has been carried out in a total built up area of more than 330,000 square meters (Doha City, 2013). The facility encompasses a number of goals that include world-class leisure destination, exciting retail and entertainment experience, and international standard services. The mall provides a wide range of services to visitors ranging from basic shopping grounds to high-class entertainment joints. The shopping mall appreciates the need for spatial flexibility incorporating a number of features to allow its maximum usage. This has called for the development of a clear-span space border structures that mainly encompass the entertainment and cinema areas. The fllor structure is as shown below. The mall has been constructed in such a way to allow easy direction strategies. The built-up area involves five levels of facilities that may be accessed from the car park spaces on the basement and roof-top floors. Adequate space has also been allowed for shoppers to access the different businesses within the complex. The retail mall offers a wide range of services from its structural and enhanced stores. This has required a wide range of architectural structures to allow accessibility as well as lighting standards. The construction design serves to satisfy the urban morphology. The design superimposes a defined orthogonal street framework that takes an informal lattice (Doha City, 2013). This accommodates today’s vehicular movement, allowing well-structured walkways that provide intricate spaces that are in line with both Muslim and Islamic vernacular (Doha City, 2013). In addition, the design incorporates an integrated transport and microclimatic strategy. The strategic design enables the mall to capture the sea breeze while reducing ambient temperatures through shading the neighboring streets. The shopping mall occupies a floor of 145,000 square meters and acts as one of the largest shopping malls in Phillipines and within the

Gaddafi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gaddafi - Essay Example Muammar Gaddafi attempted to kill the movement by applying force. He had been ruling Libya for 42 years and the people of Libya were in a desperate need of change. The brutal retaliation by Gaddafi was met with a similar disposition. The use of fire to curb a public emotion was condemned all over the world. The death of Muammar Gaddafi served as a denouement for the whole scenario and proved to be an ultimate victory for the democracy-craving people of Libya. This is probably the biggest news of the year so far and the story was promptly covered by all the media. The print media, newspapers and magazines have limited capacity to cover a news story. They need to edit the news more than the broadcast media because they have limited space on paper and they need to put the most important material and refrain from redundancy. These days, it mostly happens that a news story is covered by the broadcast media earlier than the newspapers. When newspapers were the most dominant means of news, the major headline of a news story was, apart from espying, written in a manner that meant to give people news for the first time. These days, it is done by the broadcast media as it they are quicker. The newspapers now tend to make their headlines in a similar manner but add some more information to the news story that the people already know about in the sub-headings. The aforementioned story about Gaddafi’s demise was covered by The New York Times. T he front said, â€Å"Violent End to an Era as Qaddafi Dies in Libya.† Qaddafi has been a well-known figure world-wide and the story of his death gave very less information about his past as to how he came into power. The news story focused more on the recent events that lead to his death. The rebels were hailed for their efforts to end an era of dictatorship. Their brief interviews were included. The NYT included brief interviews and views of the rebels but they were edited to a great degree. They were edited into succinct remarks. The interview of Omran Shaaban, the fighter who along with his friends claimed to be the first to have found Qaddafi hiding, was paraphrased for brevity. After briefly telling about the death of Qaddafi, the news article shifted its focus to the new political state of Libya. Qaddafi’s death had sent Libya into the hands of rebels it was a chief point of concern for the entire world. The news article presented a picture of new state of affair s and future possibilities for Libya. Then it mentioned the fact that the other rebel groups were very happy with the event and they had congratulated each other. Following the traditional â€Å"inverted pyramid† format, after mentioning the important facts, the news article then proceeded to tell the details of the death of Qaddafi. Broadcast Journalism has a capability of reporting the smallest of developments in a very prompt manner. The news of Qaddafi’s death was only a rumor in the beginning. News channels quickly reported that there were unconfirmed reports of Qaddafi’s death. They also mentioned that efforts were being made for the confirmation of the news. They had it confirmed that he had been

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 16

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Given the significant changes in the demand of a company’s goods and services, the number of required employees also changes. Human resource management plays a crucial role over the success of implementing organizational downsizing. In the absence of human resource management, it would be difficult on the part of the human resource managers to effectively handle employees when organization change becomes inevitable. As part of the study of human resource management, human resource managers are encouraged to have competitive leadership and communication skills. Aside from providing the readers a list of recommended solutions on how to minimize and prevent the lost of business opportunities associated with the negative consequences of implementing organizational downsizing strategy, this study will discuss the importance of using transformational and authentic leadership style which are suitable when implementing organizational downsizing. As an end result of globalization, many businesses today are restructuring their organizational and business approach in order to keep the local firms competitive in the local and global market. (Business Week, 1997) One of the most common restructuring strategies that aim to increase the efficiency of a company is organizational downsizing. Although many firms have enjoyed the benefits from organizational downsizing in terms of increasing the profitability of the company by reducing its operational cost and making its operational process more efficient, it remains inevitable that most encounter internal problems related to its existing employees. Each organizational downsizing event could result to predictable outcomes in terms of having similar issues related to the feelings of betrayal, loss of trust in the management of the company, and experiencing internal conflicts between the corporate management and employees in line with retaining and losing their job. (Strom, 2008) As a result, the lack

Giving reasons for conversions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Giving reasons for conversions - Essay Example t their pride and their love for their specific religions, but instead had to do everything behind closed doors and away from the eyes of the Muslims. If Christians and Jews converted to the religion of Islam, they would be able to be more open and obvious about their devotion to that religion. Those that are not Muslim must abide to the rules, or the pact, that was set down. If they were to violate the conditions that were agreed upon, their protection would be forfeited and they would receive the same treatments as enemies. Some of the rules, agreements, and conditions that were met involve what Muslims can do, but what Christians and Jews are not allowed to do. Christians and Jews are not allowed to have their crosses and books visible while walking on the roads or in the markets of the Muslim people. They are not allowed to publicly perform any act of their religion, such as the ceremony raising of their voices when following their dead or ring the rattles or bells that summons people to their religious services and ceremonies. It is against the pact for them to convert anybody to their religion, but if one of their own wishes to convert to the Muslim religion, they are not allowed to go against it. Non-Muslims are unable to build churches, convents, and monasteries in the areas of the Muslims, not are they allowed to repair any ruins that are in the areas of the Muslims. They must not bury their dead near the sites of Muslims. It also goes against the pact that Christians and Jews wear clothes similar to the Muslims, or speak in the same way that they do. Those of the Christian or Jewish religion may convert to the Muslim religion because it makes life a little bit easier, with less rules and laws to follow, and a lesser chance of going against the pact. The people in the opposing religions are given â€Å"privileges,† or the chance of safety if they give up their freedoms to an open religion. The Muslim religion offers more freedom in their own religion,